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Sudden Esophageal Necrosis and Mediastinitis Related to Obtrusive Candidiasis: A Case Report.
We report on the development of a novel multi-spectral polarimetric imager for atmospheric remote sensing of aerosol and cloud properties. The instrument concept, called the Aerosol Limb Imager (ALI), is ultimately intended for satellite measurements from a low Earth orbit. It utilizes a coupling of a dual transducer acousto-optic tunable filter and a liquid crystal rotator to provide dual linear polarization observations over a wide spectral range covering 600 nm-1500 nm. In the limb, or side-viewing, geometry, these measurements provide the capability to resolve vertical and horizontal distributions of aerosol and cloud properties such as extinction coefficient, optical depth, and particle distribution parameters. Here, we present the design and performance of an ALI prototype. Lab characterization of the instrument is used to develop a mathematical instrument model to predict signal levels under various atmospheric conditions. Results from a sub-orbital flight of the ALI prototype on a stabilized high-altitude stratospheric balloon gondola are presented that show the first known polarimetric, multi-spectral images of the limb radiance. The signal levels obtained agree reasonably well with those predicted by the instrument model using radiative transfer calculations for typical atmospheric conditions.A thermal cycling method, whereby capillary tubes holding polymerase chain reactions are subjected to programmed tilt displacements so that they are moved using gravity over three spatial regions (I, II, and III) kept at different constant temperatures to facilitate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) denaturation, annealing, and extension, is described. At tilt speeds in excess of 0.2 rad/s, the standard deviation of static coefficient of friction values was below 0.03, indicating in sync movement of multiple capillary tubes over the holding platform. The travel time during the acceleration phase and under constant velocity between adjacent regions (I to II and II to III) and distant regions (III to I) was 0.03 s and 0.31 s, respectively. The deviations in temperature did not exceed 0.05 °C from the average at the prescribed denaturing, annealing, and extension temperatures applied. DNA amplification was determined by optical readings, the fluorescence signal was found to increase twofold after 30 thermal cycles, and 1.16 × 106 DNA copies/μl could be detected. The approach also overcomes problems associated with thermal inertia, sample adhesion, sample blockage, and handling of the reaction vessels encountered in the other thermal cycling schemes used.Series structure-based resistance thermometry readouts offer several advantages for multi-point temperature measurements. However, because of the diversity of nonlinear error sources and differences among channels in such readouts, existing nonlinear error correction methods are ineffective. In view of this situation, a nonlinear error correction method based on error source analysis is proposed. The proposed method first determines the impacts of error sources by analyzing the circuit architecture. The contributions of the common-mode rejection ratio and the mismatch between positive and opposite exciting currents are then eliminated using resistance bridge calibrators. Finally, the residuals are fitted to various polynomial functions. The results of experiments show that correction based on the proposed method results in a maximum nonlinear readout error of 1.87 × 10-5, compared with 4.01 × 10-5 using the classical method. Thus, the proposed method of nonlinear error correction is effective for series structure-based resistance thermometry readout.This Comment suggests that technological field electron emission (FE) papers, such as the paper under discussion [P. Serbun et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 083906 (2020)], should use FE theory based on the 1956 work of Murphy and Good (MG), rather than a simplified version of FE theory based on the original 1928 work of Fowler and Nordheim (FN). The use of the 1928 theory is common practice in the technological FE literature, but the MG treatment is known to be better physics than the FN treatment, which contains identifiable errors. The MG treatment predicts significantly higher emission current densities and currents for emitters than does the FN treatment. find more From the viewpoint of the research and development of electron sources, it is counterproductive (and unhelpful for non-experts) for the technological FE literature to use theory that undervalues the performance of field electron emitters.We present a wide-bandwidth, voltage-controlled current source that is easily integrated with radiofrequency magnetic field coils. Our design uses current feedback to compensate for the frequency-dependent impedance of a radiofrequency antenna. We are able to deliver peak currents greater than 100 mA over a 300 kHz to 54 MHz frequency span. The radiofrequency current source fits onto a printed circuit board smaller than 4 cm2 and consumes less than 1.3 W of power. It is suitable for use in deployable quantum sensors and nuclear magnetic resonance systems.Contact welding is considered the major failure mechanism for electromechanical switch applications. There has been increasing demand to research the measurement method to characterize the anti-welding ability of metal electrode materials. In this paper, the contact welding phenomenon of closed electrodes is made to reoccur by using our novel designed test rig. The welding strength and welding area of typical electrode materials, including silver, copper, silver tin oxide, and silver nickel alloy, are explicitly measured and compared. In addition, the effects of electrical current and mechanical load force on welding strength and welding trace are presented. The calculation method of the threshold welding current is introduced for elastic contact situation in low current switching devices.Laser-produced plasma velocity distributions are an important, but difficult quantity to measure. We present a non-invasive technique for measuring individual charge state velocity distributions of laser-produced plasmas using a high temporal and spectral resolution monochromator. The novel application of this technique is its ability to detect particles up to 7 m from their inception (significantly larger than most laboratory plasma astrophysics experiments, which take place at or below the millimeter scale). The design and assembly of this diagnostic is discussed in terms of maximizing the signal to noise ratio, maximizing the spatial and temporal resolution, and other potential use cases. The analysis and results of this diagnostic are demonstrated by directly measuring the time-of-flight velocity of all ion charge states in a laser produced carbon plasma.
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