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Clinicopathologic as well as prognostic features of TdT-negative kid B-lymphoblastic leukemia.
Cardiotoxic side effects can significantly limit the quality of life and survival of tumor patients under treatment. Acute and chronic effects include hypertension, venous and arterial thromboembolic events, acute and chronic coronary syndromes, heart failure and arrhythmias. Patients with previous cardiovascular diseases are often more frequently affected by side effects. The triggers are not only irradiation and conventional chemotherapy but increasingly also newer forms of cancer treatment. These include targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The goals of oncological cardiology are the prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment of these side effects in order to optimize patient outcomes.The view of humans as holobionts consisting of eukaryotic host cells and associated prokaryotic organisms, has opened up a new perspective on cardiovascular pathophysiology. In particular, intestinal bacteria influence the cell and organ functions of the host. Intestinal bacteria represent a metabolically active community whose composition and function can influence cardiovascular health and disease. The interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the heart occurs via metabolites of bacterial origin, which are resorbed in the intestine and distributed via the circulation. KP-457 Bacterial metabolites are produced from food components, which in turn emphasizes the importance of nutrition. Some of these metabolites, such as trimethylamine N‑oxide (TMAO), can exacerbate cardiovascular pathologies. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in turn are considered to be protective metabolites. The host's immune system is an important target for these metabolites and explains much of their effects. In the future, the targeted manipulation of intestinal bacteria could help to prevent the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases.PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate facial growth in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) by means of lateral head cephalometric radiographs and relate the findings to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar changes on panoramic radiographs. METHODS Radiographic and medical records were evaluated in 65 children with JIA. Cephalometric and panoramic analyses were performed for the impact of condylar changes on facial growth. We compared children with condylar alterations, minor or major, with those without condylar alterations. RESULTS Based on panoramic radiographs, no condylar alterations were seen in 27 of the 65 children and condylar alterations were seen in 38 children (i.e., 23 had minor and 15 major condylar alterations). The cephalometric analyses of the children with condylar changes showed significant growth disturbances with a more retrognathic mandible (SNB; p = 0.03), retruded chin position (SNPog; p = 0.02), larger mandibular angulation (ML/NSL; p = 0.009) and maxillary angulation (NL/NSL; p = 0.03) compared with children without condylar alterations. Children with minor condylar alterations had a significantly more retruded chin position (SNPog) than those with no condylar changes (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Condylar changes in the TMJ, judged on panoramic radiography, in children with JIA, have impact on craniofacial growth. Even minor alterations seem to have an impact.Hemorrhoidal disease is one of the most common illnesses in industrialized nations. Up to 70% of adults suffer from the disease once in their lifetime. This underlines the necessity and importance of knowing about the differential diagnosis of hemorrhoids. One can differentiate between differential diagnoses of symptoms (bleeding, pain, itching, tumor) and differential diagnoses of the phenotype findings (anal prolapse, mucosal prolapse and rectal prolapse, skin tags, hypertrophied anal papillae, condylomata acuminata, anal fissure, perianal venous thrombosis, anal cancer).Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS/AI) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Several studies showed that perianal, perineal and gluteal involvement is more common in men. Axillary, submammary and inguinal localizations seem to be more prevalent in women. Involvement of the genitoanal region is associated with a higher reduced quality of live and sexual health compared to other locations. Moreover HS/AI in the genitoanal region can lead to serious complications. The knowledge of perianal fistula formation, pubogenital lymphedema and squamous cell carcinoma, which are three of the most severe complications, is critical for adequate treatment.In infants and children, the strategy of antibacterial long-term infection prophylaxis is more widely used in the protection against urinary tract infections (UTIs) than for hardly any other indication. Development of resistance, side effects of chemotherapeutic agents and acceptance problems require an intensive search for alternatives in the prophylaxis of UTIs. In this context, substances such as D‑mannose, probiotics and herbal preparations are gaining increasing attention, whereby the effectiveness of which, especially in children, still needs proof through therapy studies. This also applies to approaches to vaccine prevention. However, prophylaxis must not be limited to the prescription of medicines. Equally important are the treatment of bladder dysfunction and constipation as well as the elimination of other predisposing factors. There are alternatives to antibiotic prophylaxis for UTIs. However, in cases with a high risk of recurrence and pyelonephritis, it is still currently the better alternative.Lesions of peripheral nerves substantially influence the long-term prognosis and functional outcome. Approximately 70% of peripheral nerval lesions are associated with vascular injuries and occur more frequently with certain fractures and osteosynthesis types. The prognosis and treatment depend on the severity of the injury and the presence of axonal lesions, in particular, determines the further procedure. Treatment as early as possible is associated with a clear improvement in the prognosis. Defects longer than 8 mm in size necessitate a nerve transplantation. Iatrogenic vascular lesions occur particularly in percutaneous interventions and are reported in up to 8% of cases after operations involving the musculoskeletal system. Iatrogenic nerve lesions are almost exclusively the result of surgical procedures and represent up to 17.5% of traumatic nerve injuries. For all lesions the general principles of surgical treatment are valid and the rapid involvement of professional expertise is decisive.
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