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Genetic Reports: Most recent Spectroscopic and Structurel Strategies.
Diverse salt responsive genes and switched histone methylation sites were identified in this study. In particular, we found for the first time that the transcription of the key salt-response regulator RSM1, a MYB-related transcription factor involved in ABA-mediated salt stress signaling, was potentially regulated by bivalent H3K4me3-H3K27me3 modifications. Combining phenotypic variations as well as transcriptional and epigenetic changes, we provide a comprehensive profile for understanding histone modification, genomic transcription and their associations in response to salt stress in plants. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email [email protected] To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and pain intensity among veterans with musculoskeletal disorder diagnoses (MSDs; nontraumatic joint disorder; osteoarthritis; low back, back, and neck pain). SETTING Administrative and electronic health record data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). SUBJECTS A national cohort of US military veterans with MSDs in VHA care during 2001-2012 (N = 1,759,338). METHODS These cross-sectional data were analyzed using hurdle negative binomial models of pain intensity as a function of BMI, adjusted for comorbidities and demographics. RESULTS The sample had a mean age of 59.4, 95% were male, 77% were white/Non-Hispanic, 79% were overweight or obese, and 42% reported no pain at index MSD diagnosis. Overall, there was a J-shaped relationship between BMI and pain (nadir = 27 kg/m2), with the severely obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) being most likely to report any pain (OR vs normal weight = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.21-1.26). The association between BMI and pain varied by MSD, with a stronger relationship in the osteoarthritis group and a less pronounced relationship in the back and low back pain groups. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of overweight/obesity among veterans with MSD. High levels of BMI (>27 kg/m2) were associated with increased odds of pain, most markedly among veterans with osteoarthritis. © 2020 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Autophagic dysfunction and abnormal oxidative stress are associated with cataract. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes of cellular autophagy and oxidative stress and their association in lens epithelial cells (LECs) upon exposure to high glucose. METHODS Autophagy and oxidative stress-related changes were detected in streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic mice and normal mouse LECs incubated in high glucose conditions. Rapamycin at a concentration of 100 nm/l or 50 μM chloroquine was combined for analysis of the relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress. The morphology of LECs during autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of autophagy markers (LC3B and p62) were identified, as well as the key factors of oxidative stress (SOD2 and CAT) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy indicated an altered autophagy activity in diabetic mouse lens tissues with larger autophagosomes and multiple mitochondria. Regarding the expressions, LC3B was elevated, p62 was decreased first and then increased, and SOD2 and CAT were increased before a decrease during 4 months of follow-up in diabetic mice and 72 h of culture under high glucose for mouse LECs. Furthermore, rapamycin promoted the expressions of autophagy markers but alleviated those of oxidative stress markers, whereas chloroquine antagonized autophagy but enhanced oxidative stress by elevating ROS generation in LECs exposed to high glucose. CONCLUSIONS The changes in autophagy and oxidative stress were fluctuating in the mouse LECs under constant high glucose conditions. Autophagy might attenuate high glucose-induced oxidative injury to LECs. © 2020 The Author(s).Quantifying how whole organisms respond to challenges in the external and internal environment ("stressors") is difficult. To date, physiological ecologists have mostly used measures of glucocorticoids (GCs) to assess the impact of stressors on animals. This is of course too simplistic as Hans Seyle himself characterized the response of organisms to "noxious stimuli" using multiple physiological responses. Possible solutions include increasing the number of biomarkers to more accurately characterize the "stress state" of an animal or just measuring different biomarkers to more accurately characterize the degree of acute or chronic stressors an animal is experiencing. We focus on the latter and discuss how heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may be better predictors of the degree of activation of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system and complement or even replace measures of GCs as indicators of animal health, welfare, fitness, or their level of exposure to stressors. The miniaturization of biological sensor technology ("bio-sensors" or "bio-loggers") presents an opportunity to reassess measures of stress state and develop new approaches. We describe some modern approaches to gathering these HR and HRV data in free-living animals with the aim that heart dynamics will be more integrated with measures of GCs as bio-markers of stress state and predictors of fitness in free-living animals. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.Accident models and theoretical foundations underpinning safety investigations are key to understanding how investigators construct causality and make recommendations. this website Safety science has devoted large efforts to investigating and theorizing about accidents. Why doesn't healthcare pay more interest to these theories when investigating healthcare accidents? We use established accident theories to suggest how these can support safety investigations in healthcare and provide new lenses to investigatory bodies. We reflect on examples from research and practice in healthcare systems and other high-risk industries. Investigation processes and reports serve multiple purposes. We argue there is an untapped improvement potential for healthcare safety investigations and suggest new ways of integrating different accident theoretical reflections with investigatory practice. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press in association with the International Society for Quality in Health Care.
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