Notes

Fermented pomegranate extracts drive back oxidative stress as well as growing older of skin color.
Intraoperative imaging has been studied using conventional devices such as near infrared (NIR) optical probes and gamma probes. However, these devices have limited depth penetration and spatial resolution. In a previous study, we realized a multi-modal endoscopic system. However, charge-coupled device (CCD)-based gamma imaging required long acquisition times and lacked gamma energy information. A silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based gamma detector is implemented in a multi-modal laparoscope herein. A gradient index (GRIN) lens and CCD are used to transfer and readout visible and NIR photons. The feasibility of in-vivo sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping was successfully performed with the proposed system.A key technique to perform proper quantum information processing is to get a high visibility quantum interference between independent single photons. One of the crucial elements that affects the quantum interference is a group velocity dispersion that occurs when single photons pass through a dispersive medium. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that an effect of group velocity dispersion on the two-photon interference can be cancelled if two independent single photons experience the same amount of pulse broadening. This dispersion cancellation effect can be applied to a multi-path linear interferometer with multiple independent single photons. As multi-path quantum interferometers are at the heart of quantum communication, photonic quantum computing, and boson sampling applications, our work should find wide applicability in quantum information science.Obtaining a tiny focal spot is desired for super resolution. We do a vectorial numerical analysis of the linearly, circularly, and radidally polarized electromagnetic fields being focused through a dielectric micro/nanoparticle of size comparable to the wavelength. We find tiny focal spots (up to ∼0.05 λ2) can be obtained behind micro/nanoparticles of various shapes, e.g. spherical, disk-shaped, and cuboid micro/nanoparticles. Furthermore, we also investigate the influence of the misalignment of a real lens system on the tiny focal spots. We find that tiny focal spots can still be generated even though they are distorted due to the misalignment.The features of fluorescence emission in a dye-doped dense multiple scattered medium under pulsed laser pumping are considered in terms of confined excitation in small zones associated with laser speckles occurring in a pumped medium. The results of numerical modeling of the fluorescence emission kinetics are compared to the experimental data obtained using the rhodamine 6G-doped layers of the densely packed TiO2 (anatase) particles pumped at 532 nm by 10 ns laser pulses. The intensity of pump radiation during the action of laser pulses was varied from 1·105 W/cm2 to 5·107 W/cm2. In the recovery of the ratios of stimulated to a spontaneous emission, the spectra of the stimulated component were fitted using the spectral function derived by R. Dicke. In the framework of the considered concept, saturation of the ratio of the stimulated to a spontaneous emission and linear growth of an integrated fluorescence output with a practically unchangeable half-width of the emission spectra at high pump intensities are interpreted.A miniature thermal infrared laser heterodyne spectro-radiometer based on hybrid optical integration is demonstrated. A quantum cascade laser emitting at 953 cm-1 (10.5 μm) is used as the local oscillator. Integration is achieved using hollow waveguides inscribed in a copper substrate, with slot-encapsulated optical components positioned to maintain fundamental hybrid mode coupling. The demonstrator performances are studied in the laboratory and show a noise level within 1.6 times of the ideal case. Atmospheric high-resolution transmittance spectroscopy of carbon dioxide and water vapor in solar occultation is demonstrated. The total column concentrations are derived as well as measurement uncertainties, 399.5 ± 2.2 ppm for CO2 and 1066 ± 62 ppm for H2O. The miniature laser heterodyne spectro-radiometer demonstration opens the prospect for nanosatellite-based high spectral resolution thermal infrared atmospheric sounding.In this paper, we utilize a heterostructured graphene/hBN/graphene nanodisk array to implement an electrically tunable absorber in and out of the Reststrahlen band (RSB) region of hBN. Tuning of phonon-type resonance absorption in the RSB region is achieved through phonon-plasmon-polariton hybridization. The hybrid phonon mode enabled a 290 nm shift of the resonant wavelength, and the sensitivity of absorption peak to the electrical control is 362.5 nm/eV. Simultaneously, the nearly perfect absorption is obtained in the condition of high chemical potential of graphene. Moreover, the plasmon polaritons are strongly modified by phonon polaritons of hBN, so the FWHM of absorption peaks out of the RSB region reduce to 45-49 nm, and the maximum Q of absorption reaches 220.44 at EF=0.65 eV, which is paving a way toward coherent emission at the atmospheric transparent band. Importantly, graphene-assisted hyperbolic phonon polaritons of hBN will enable future phonon devices with high optical performance and wide tunability.We experimentally investigated the interaction between nitrogen molecules and intense femtosecond laser pulses. When irradiated by an 800-nm pump laser and a delayed 355-nm seed laser, the spectral lines around 353.3 nm and 353.8 nm are observed to be greatly amplified, no matter whether the pump laser is circularly or linearly polarized. The two spectral lines correspond to the transition of N2+ (B, ν' = 5 → X, ν = 4) and N2+ (B, ν' = 4 → X, ν = 3), respectively. In comparison with the spectral lines related with ground vibrational states of nitrogen molecular ion, the observed amplification exhibits different polarization dependence of the pump laser. This distinctive change can be explained by the population variation of high vibrational states caused by the pump laser with different polarizations.An IF-over-fiber (IFoF)-based analog transport technology for mobile fronthaul applications has recently attracted significant attention. However, most previous studies have employed discrete optical components. For the analog transport technology to be a more cost-effective and power-efficient solution, it is necessary to utilize existing integrated optical transceivers. In this paper, we demonstrate IFoF transmission using a commercial off-the-shelf transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA). Bisindolylmaleimide IX Although the TOSA was developed for a digital system employing non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signals, we show that it is also possible for the TOSA to support high-capacity analog transmission. As a demonstration, by using the TOSA, we could successfully transmit 64- and 256-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulated (64/256QAM) orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals with net bit rates of 54.74 and 36.49 Gbps per wavelength, respectively. Since the TOSA has four wavelength channels, the total capacities are 218.94 and 145.
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