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Deal among options for adult coryza vaccination from the chronilogical age of immunization information systems.
A collection of 39 genomic and epigenomic features can explain much of the variance in genetic diversity and evolutionary rates across the genome. Moreover, features that have a greater effect on the evolution of regional sequences tend to show higher similarity between neighboring fragments in the CIN, suggesting a pivotal role of epigenetic modifications and chromatin organization in determining the correlated evolution of large DNA fragments in the 3D genome. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Predictors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among close contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis (TB) are incompletely understood, particularly the number of exposure hours. METHODS We prospectively enrolled adult patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and their close contacts at 9 health departments in the United States and Canada. Patients with TB were interviewed and close contacts were interviewed and screened for TB and LTBI during contact investigations. RESULTS LTBI was diagnosed in 1390 (46%) of 3040 contacts, including 624 (31%) of 2027 US/Canadian-born and 766 (76%) of 1013 non-US/Canadian-born contacts. In multivariable analysis, age ≥5 years, male sex, non-US/Canadian birth, smear-positive index patient, and shared bedroom with an index patient (P 1 index patient (P less then .05), were associated with LTBI diagnosis. LTBI prevalence increased with increasing exposure duration, with an incremental prevalence increase of 8.2% per 250 exposure hours (P less then .0001). For contacts with less then 250 exposure hours, no difference in prevalence was observed per 50 exposure hours (P = .63). CONCLUSIONS Hours of exposure to a patient with infectious TB is an important LTBI predictor, with a possible risk threshold of 250 hours. More exposures, closer exposure proximity, and more extensive index patient disease were additional LTBI predictors. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020.BACKGROUND Physical activity tends to decline in older age, despite being key to health and longevity. Previous investigations have focused on demographic and individual factors that predict sustained physical activity. PURPOSE To examine whether engaging in physical activity in the context of sport or exercise group membership can protect against age-related physical activity decline. METHODS Drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, participants were members of sport or exercise groups aged 50 and over (N = 2015) as well as nonmember controls, who were matched at baseline for age, sex, and physical activity levels (N = 1881). Longitudinal mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of sport or exercise group membership on physical activity and longevity across a 14-year follow-up. this website RESULTS Members of sport or exercise groups experienced an attenuated decline in both moderate and vigorous physical activity over a 14-year follow-up compared to physically active matched controls. Sport or exercise group members were also less likely to have died at follow-up, an effect that was mediated through sustained physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Promoting membership in sport and exercise groups may be a beneficial strategy for supporting sustained physical activity and health among older people. © Society of Behavioral Medicine 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] chromatophores in the cells of photosynthetic Paulinella species, once believed to be endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, are photosynthetic organelles, that are distinct from chloroplasts. The chromatophore genome is similar to the genomes of α-cyanobacteria and encodes about 1000 genes. Therefore, the chromatophore is an intriguing model of organelle formation. Here, we analyzed the lipids of Paulinella micropora MYN1 to verify that this organism is a composite of cyanobacterial descendants and a heterotrophic protist. We detected glycolipids and phospholipids, as well as a betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-3-O-carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC), previously detected in many marine algae. Cholesterol was the only sterol component detected, suggesting that the host cell is similar to animal cells. The glycolipids, presumably present in the chromatophores, contained mainly C16 fatty acids, whereas other classes of lipids, presumably present in the other compartments, were abundant in C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This suggests that chromatophores are metabolically distinct from the rest of the cell. Metabolic studies using isotopically labeled substrates showed that different fatty acids are synthesized in the chromatophore and the cytosol, which is consistent with the presence of both Type I and Type II fatty acid synthases, supposedly present in the cytosol and the chromatophore, respectively. Nevertheless, rapid labeling of the fatty acids in triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine by photosynthetically fixed carbon suggested that the chromatophores efficiently provide metabolites to the host. The metabolic as well as ultrastructural evidence suggests that chromatophores are tightly integrated into the whole cellular metabolism. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email [email protected] neighborhood open spaces (NOS) may be an easy way for older adults to maintain healthy aging through physical activity and social interaction. Little is known about older adults' use of NOS, their preferences, and barriers to using them. This paper presents older adults' use of NOS in a deprived neighborhood before and after an intervention and factors promoting or inhibiting their use using convergent mixed methods design. Participatory research was employed involving older adults in the intervention. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities was used to observe older adults' use of 13 NOS in spring 2017 (baseline) and spring 2018 (follow-up). Ten interviews were conducted in 2018 to identify barriers and facilitators for using NOS. Two NOS had a pavilion built and, in one NOS, benches were renovated, including building raised flower beds and small tables. At baseline, 209 older adults were observed, whereas 329 were observed at follow-up. More (44%) older adults were observed at follow-up in the NOS with the renovated benches.
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