Notes

Patient's understanding of healing following maxillary nose floor enhancement using autogenous bone fragments graft in contrast to composite grafts: the single-blinded randomized manipulated tryout.
States stand to realize substantial savings from a potential AD treatment. A state's health system preparedness to handle the large number of patients will influence the actual magnitude of the savings and how fast they will accrue.
As cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light protein (NfL) and the CSF/serum albumin ratio (Q
) are used in the clinical routine, the impact of demographic factors on these biomarkers is important to understand.

Participants were derived from two Swedish samples the population-based H70 Study (n = 308, age 70) and a clinical routine cohort (CSF NfL, n = 8995, Q
, n = 39252, age 0 to 95). In the population-based study, Q
and NfL were examined in relation to sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs). In the clinical cohort, Q
and NfL sex differences were tested in relation to age.

Men had higher Q
and NfL concentrations and had higher Q
and NfL concentrations from adolescence throughout life. NfL was not related to WML, but Q
correlated positively with WMLs.

The CSF NfL sex difference could not be explained by vascular pathology. Future studies should consider using different reference limits for men and women.
The CSF NfL sex difference could not be explained by vascular pathology. Future studies should consider using different reference limits for men and women.
In cognitively normal (CN) adults, increased rates of amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation can be detected in low Aβ (Aβ-) apolipoprotein E (
) ε4 carriers. We aimed to determine the effect of ε4 on the ability to benefit from experience (ie, learn) in Aβ- CNs.

Aβ- CNs (n=333) underwent episodic memory assessments every 18 months for 108 months. A subset (n=48) completed the Online Repeatable Cognitive Assessment-Language Learning Test (ORCA-LLT) over 6 days.

Aβ- ε4 carriers showed significantly lower rates of improvement on episodic memory over 108 months compared to non-carriers (d=0.3). Endoxifen Rates of learning on the ORCA-LLT were significantly slower in Aβ- ε4 carriers compared to non-carriers (d=1.2).

In Aβ- CNs, ε4 is associated with a reduced ability to benefit from experience. This manifested as reduced practice effects (small to moderate in magnitude) over 108 months on the episodic memory composite, and a learning deficit (large in magnitude) over 6 days on the ORCA-LLT. Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cognitive abnormalities can manifest before preclinical AD thresholds.
In Aβ- CNs, ε4 is associated with a reduced ability to benefit from experience. This manifested as reduced practice effects (small to moderate in magnitude) over 108 months on the episodic memory composite, and a learning deficit (large in magnitude) over 6 days on the ORCA-LLT. Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cognitive abnormalities can manifest before preclinical AD thresholds.The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed mobility inequities within cities. In response, cities are rapidly implementing street reallocation initiatives. These interventions provide space for walking and cycling, however, other mobility needs (e.g., essential workers, deliveries) may be impeded by these reallocation decisions. Informed by mobility justice frameworks, we examined socio-spatial differences in access to street reallocations in Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia. In both cities, more interventions occurred in areas where people of color, particularly Black and Indigenous people, lived. In Seattle, more interventions occurred in areas where people with disabilities, on food stamps, and children lived. In Vancouver, more interventions occurred in areas where recent immigrants lived, or where people used public transit or cycled to work. Street reallocations could be opportunities for cities to redress inequities in mobility and access to public spaces. Going forward, it is imperative to monitor how cities use data and welcome communities to redesign these temporary spaces to be corridors for their own mobility.Comprehensive school health (CSH) is a holistic approach to school-based health promotion that involves active participation and buy-in of school community members, including school staff (e.g., support staff, teachers, school health champions, principals). Implementation and sustainability of CSH builds on complex relationships within the school that support school-level health promoting changes and understanding the social relationships that exist in a school setting is critical. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a social network analysis to examine adviceseeking networks of staff within three schools involved with a CSH program called APPLE Schools (A Project Promoting healthy Living for Everyone in Schools) project approach. The degree to which school staff were central in the network (i.e., gave or sought physical activity or nutrition advice, were connected or disconnected to others; indegree/outdegree centrality and betweenness centrality) and the overall structure of the networks were assessed (i.e., optimal levels of density and centralization). School health champions and several other individuals in the network were shown to be key sources of physical activity or nutrition advice and were identified as central players in the network. Whole networks across schools had low density and betweenness centralization, with optimal levels of out-centralization, and low to optimal levels of incentralization. This research allowed us to gain an understanding of network structures and relationship patterns in CSH schools, with specific attention to the coordinating role of school health champions, and other central players within the network. These findings increase our understanding of advice relationships that exist in a school setting and how these relationships may support CSH implementation and sustainability.Mental ill-health is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide. While women suffer from greater levels of mental health disorders, it remains unclear whether this gender gap differs systematically across regions and/or countries, or across the different dimensions of mental health. We analysed 2018 data from 566,829 adolescents across 73 countries for 4 mental health outcomes psychological distress, life satisfaction, eudaemonia, and hedonia. We examine average gender differences and distributions for each of these outcomes as well as country-level associations between each outcome and purported determinants at the country level wealth (GDP per capita), inequality (Gini index), and societal indicators of gender inequality (GII, GGGI, and GSNI). We report four main results 1) The gender gap in mental health in adolescence is largely ubiquitous cross-culturally, with girls having worse average mental health; 2) There is considerable cross-national heterogeneity in the size of the gender gap, with the direction reversed in a minority of countries; 3) Higher GDP per capita is associated with worse average mental health and a larger gender gap across all mental health outcomes; and 4) more gender equal countries have larger gender gaps across all mental health outcomes.
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