Notes

When I say … Circumstance.
Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus with worldwide distribution. The most affected organs are liver and lungs, but it can be detected in any other organs as well. We reported a 5-yr-old boy from Shiraz, southern Iran in 2017 who presented with abdominal discomfort. Imaging revealed multiple liver hydatid cyst and a huge kidney hydatid cyst. This case showed the possible implication of rapid growth of multiple hydatid cyst as well as unusual organ presentation in the pediatric population.Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) described as an essential immunodeficiency problem of phagocytic cells resulting in a phagocyte dysfunction and inability to kill a spectrum of bacteria and fungi. Despite the fact that CGD patients are more susceptible to intracellular infections, visceral leishmaniasis has been reported rarely in these cases. Here, we report an uncommon case of visceral leishmaniasis in a child with CGD. An 8-yr old boy with CGD presented to the infectious disease ward, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran after the onset of 20 days fever with chronic crusted ulcer approximately 3 cm × 3cm on the left upper limb and a small ulcer measuring 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm on the right knee with moderate secretion. Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) and Bone Marrow Biopsies (BMB) of fragmented samples were performed and polymorphic population of hematopoietic cells, Megakaryocytes and Leishman bodies were seen. The patient was treated with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®) 20 mg/kg for 28 days and after partial improvement patient discharged and continue the treatment at home. Amphotericin B lipid complex (Ambisome®) (3-5 mg/kg per dose once) was administered every 3-4 weeks for 18 months as secondary prophylaxis that was well tolerated and effective.
Due to numerous side effects of common drugs in treatment of leishmaniasis, new therapeutic approaches focus on herbal compounds. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of crocin and stigmasterol on in-vitro growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of
in the Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran in 2018.

The effect of different concentrations of crocin and stigmasterol were evaluated by determining their in-vitro inhibitory effects on promastigotes and amastigotes of the
using MTT assay.

The fatality rate was 65.27% and 71.96% for crocin and stigmasterol respectively at 24 h post-culture in concentration of 50 μg/mL. The mean inhibitory effect of crocin and stigmasterol on
amastigotes after 72 h were 52.22% and 38.96%.

The crocin and stigmasterol had efficient adverse effects on promastigote and amastigotes of
, hence, further studies on the anti-leishmanial effects of these herbal compounds in human and animal models are recommended.
The crocin and stigmasterol had efficient adverse effects on promastigote and amastigotes of L. major, hence, further studies on the anti-leishmanial effects of these herbal compounds in human and animal models are recommended.
Dogs, as the definitive host of
, are important in the epidemiology of this parasitic infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of
infection in a dog population from a rural setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran, using a combination of molecular and serological techniques.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nov 2018 in three rural districts, Sar Mashhad, HosseinAbad, and Tolesaman located in Kazeroun Township in Fars province, southern Iran. Blood samples were taken from 60 stray and household dogs. Dogs' sera were tested for antibodies against
, using a
-Modified Agglutination Test. Moreover, dogs' buffy coats were tested for
DNA, using a molecular method.

Anti-
antibodies were detected in sera of 4 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 6.7%. Out of 25 female dogs, 1 was seropositive and of 35 males, 3 were seropositive, yet the differences were not statistically significant. The infection was more prevalent in adult dogs (> 12 months), nevertheless, the differences between age and
seropositivity was not statistically significant.
DNA was not detected in the buffy coat of any of the studied dogs.

Findings of the study indicate that
is a common infection in dogs in rural areas of Fars province in southern Iran. The infected dogs might be a potentially important source of
infection to livestock in the area.
Findings of the study indicate that N. caninum is a common infection in dogs in rural areas of Fars province in southern Iran. The infected dogs might be a potentially important source of N. diABZI STING agonist supplier caninum infection to livestock in the area.
The present study aimed to control mebendazole drug release from ethyl cellulose nanofibers containing guar gum produced by Electrospinning Method (ESM) on mortality of hydatid cyst protoscoleces under laboratory conditions.

The study was conducted in Arak Islamic Azad University, 2019. After preparation of ethyl cellulose nanofibers containing guar gum with concentrations 10, 250, 50 and 500 ppm with ESM, the uniformity and fineness of nanofibers were investigated by electron microscope. By determining the absorption of nanofibers during 312 h via spectrophotometry method, the amount of drug release was obtained. Then, the mortality of live protoscoleces in-vitro with nanofibers made with different concentrations was studied during 13 days.

Guar gum nanofiber with four concentrations of 10, 50, 250 and 500 ppm had 0.78512, 0.83729, 1.0098 and 1.0633 absorption respectively and showed drug release 42.09%, 39.95%, 33.05% and 30.96% after 312 hours. Therefore, the survival of protoscoleces in the presence of guar gum with four concentrations was zero after 3, 6, 11 and 13 days (
<0.05).

To produce nanofibers carrying the drug for research related to the treatment of hydatid cysts, the electrospinning technique can be considered as a reliable method.
To produce nanofibers carrying the drug for research related to the treatment of hydatid cysts, the electrospinning technique can be considered as a reliable method.
Trichinellosis is a serious food-borne parasitic zoonosis, thus finding high quality antigens is the key to serodiagnosis of trichinosis. This article reports the characterization and sensitivity of four recombinant proteins expressed by four genes (
,
,
, and
) from different developmental stages of
for the diagnosis of trichinellosis in mice.

This study was conducted in Jilin University and National Institute of Parasitic Diseases of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017-2018. The structures and functions of the proteins encoded by four genes were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The four genes were cloned and expressed, and the recombinant proteins were purified. Anti-
IgM and IgG antibodies in the sera of mice infected with
from 1-45 d post-infection (dpi) were evaluated by ELISA.

The optimal antigen epitopes of four proteins (P1, P2, P3, and P4) encoded by the four genes from T- and B-cells were predicted, and four purified recombinant proteins (r-P1, r-P2, r-P3, and r-P4) were successfully produced.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/diabzi-sting-agonist-compound-3.html