Notes

Ceramide composition requires glycosphingolipid nanodomain assembly and function.
.Young adults' heightened vulnerability to substance use disorders (SUD) corresponds with their disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system. It is paramount that the justice system systemically recognize young adults as a group with distinct developmental needs and align reform efforts with advancements made in medical and public health fields to better address the needs of justice-involved young adults with SUD. This article warns against reliance on the justice system for engaging young adults with SUD in treatment and presents 4 principles that were developed by a workgroup participating in a longitudinal meeting of experts sponsored by Boston Medical Center's Grayken Center for Addiction. The goal of the principles is to support and guide policy and practice initiatives for developmentally appropriate justice responses to young adults with SUD. The article also reviews the evidence that underlies these principles and offers policy and practice considerations for their implementation.In summarizing the proceedings of a longitudinal meeting of experts on substance use disorders among adolescents and young adults, we review 2 principles of care related to harm reduction for young adults with substance use disorders. The first is that harm reduction services are critical to keeping young adults alive and healthy and can offer opportunities for future engagement in treatment. Such services therefore should be offered at every opportunity, regardless of an individual's interest or ability to minimize use of substances. The second is that all evidence-based harm reduction strategies available to older adults should be available to young adults and that whenever possible, harm reduction programs should be tailored to young adults and be developmentally appropriate.In summarizing the proceedings of a longitudinal meeting of experts in substance use disorders (SUDs) among young adults, this special article reviews principles of care concerning recovery support services for this population. Young adults in recovery from SUDs can benefit from a variety of support services throughout the process of recovery. These services take place in both traditional clinical settings and settings outside the health system, and they can be delivered by a wide variety of nonprofessional and paraprofessional individuals. In this article, we communicate fundamental points related to guidance, evidence, and clinical considerations about 3 basic principles for recovery support services (1) given their developmental needs, young adults affected by SUDs should have access to a wide variety of recovery support services regardless of the levels of care they need, which could range from early intervention services to medically managed intensive inpatient services; (2) the workforce for addiction services for young adults benefits from the inclusion of individuals with lived experience in addiction; and (3) recovery support services should be integrated to promote recovery most effectively and provide the strongest possible social support.Efforts to engage young adults with substance use disorders in treatment often focus on the individual and do not consider the role that the family can play in the recovery process. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/NXY-059.html In summarizing the proceedings of a longitudinal meeting on substance use among young adults, this special article outlines three key principles concerning the engagement of broader family units in substance use treatment (1) care should involve family members (biological, extended, or chosen); (2) these family members should receive counseling on evidence-based approaches that can enhance their loved one's engagement in care; and (3) family members should receive counseling on evidence-based strategies that can improve their own health. For each principle, we provide an explanation of our guidance to practitioners, supportive evidence, and additional practice considerations.In summarizing the proceedings of a longitudinal meeting of experts in substance use disorders (SUDs) among adolescents and young adults, in this special article, we review principles of care related to SUD treatment of young adults. SUDs are most commonly diagnosed during young adulthood, but most of the evidence guiding the treatment of this population has been obtained from older adult study participants. Extrapolating evidence from older populations, the expert group asserted the following principles for SUD treatment It is important that clinicians who work with young adults effectively identify and address SUD to avert long-term addiction and its associated adverse health outcomes. Young adults receiving addiction treatment should have access to a broad range of evidence-based assessment, psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments, harm reduction interventions, and recovery services. These evidence-based approaches should be tailored to young adults' needs and provided in the least restrictive environment possible. Young adults should enter care voluntarily; civil commitment to treatment should be a last resort. In many settings, compulsory treatment does not use evidence-based approaches; thus, when treatment is involuntary, it should reflect recognized standards of care. Continuous engagement with young adults, particularly during periods of relapse, should be considered a goal of treatment and can be supported by care that is patient-centered and focused on the young adult's goals. Lastly, substance use treatments for young adults should be held to the same evidence and quality standards as those for other chronic health conditions.Despite the disproportionate impact of substance use on young adults, as well as their unique developmental circumstances, there has historically been little attention given to the substance use care needs of this population. As a result, there are currently few evidence-based recommendations to guide clinicians in caring for young adults with substance use disorders. The Grayken Center for Addiction Medicine at Boston Medical Center convened an interdisciplinary meeting of experts to establish principles of care to guide the management of young adults with substance use disorders, to help health care organizations establish effective care systems for these patients, and to help guide policy. In this article, we review the care principles and introduce a series of linked articles that go into further details of principles in the domains of evidence-based substance use treatment, family engagement in care, recovery support services, comorbid psychiatric illness, harm reduction, and criminal justice system reform.
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