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Although the emergency department (ED) may not be traditionally thought of as the ideal setting for the initiation of palliative care, it is the place where patients most frequently seek urgent care for recurrent issues such as pain crisis. Even if the patients' goals of care are nonaggressive, their caregivers may bring them to the ED because of their own distress at witnessing the patients' suffering. Emergency department providers, who are trained to focus on the stabilization of acute medical crises, may find themselves frustrated with repeat visits by patients with chronic problems. Therefore, it is important for ED providers to be comfortable discussing goals of care, to be adept at symptom management for chronic conditions, and to involve palliative care consultants in the ED course when appropriate. Nurse practitioners, with training rooted in the holistic tradition of nursing, may be uniquely suited to lead this shift in the practice paradigm. This article presents case vignettes of 4 commonly encountered ED patient types to examine how palliative care principles might be applied in the ED.National guidelines created by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), and the American College of Physicians (ACP) support the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) over opioids when treating acute low back pain (; ; ). Opioids not only have many more side effects than NSAIDs but also carry the risk of opioid abuse and overdose (). The purpose of this study was to determine whether emergency department (ED) providers, including physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants, are following evidence-based low back pain management guidelines by assessing the measurement of opioid versus NSAID prescribing. A retrospective chart review including data from January through June 2017 was conducted at a rural ED. Subject inclusion criteria were as follows older than 18 years, had experienced new-onset low back pain within the last 1 month, and had been given an ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) code of M54.5. Data regarding the type of provider seen, the treatment the provider prescribed, and demographics were collected. Inclusion criteria were met by 162 subjects. While 52.5% of subjects were prescribed an NSAID at discharge, 53.7% were prescribed an opioid at discharge. Subjects whose injury was work related were less likely to receive an opioid prescription (p = 0.027, 95% CL). Subjects whose pain started within 3 days were more likely to receive an opioid prescription than those whose pain had started more than 3 days before being seen (p = 0.018, 95% CL). Despite the current evidence-based guidelines by the AHRQ, ACEP, and ACP against opioid prescribing for acute low back pain, more subjects received an opioid prescription at discharge than a prescription for an NSAID. This retrospective chart review determined the need for increased ED provider education regarding treatment modalities for acute low back pain.Traumatic auricular hematomas may be encountered in emergency care settings due to blunt trauma such as assaults or contact sports. Emergency nurse practitioners should be able to recognize and treat this injury to prevent complications. Treatment usually consists of evacuation of the hematoma by aspiration or incision and drainage using local or regional anesthesia, followed by the application of a pressure dressing or suturing. Without proper evacuation and steps to prevent reaccumulation, tissue necrosis and deformity (i.e., cauliflower ear) may occur.Skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI) are one of the most common infections in both the community and hospital settings and account for nearly 4.8 million emergency department visits annually. Vismodegib cost These infections can vary in presentation, treatment, management, and potential for complication. As emergency medicine providers, early recognition and diagnosis of the disease are key. Point-of-care ultrasound is an invaluable tool that has contributed to the expeditious evaluation of these diseases with ultimate guidance for clinical management for SSTIs. This article reviews 3 SSTIs-cellulitis, abscess, and necrotizing fasciitis-and presents a common case study for consideration.Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem that has profound effects on the physical and psychological well-being of millions of Americans. It is known that strangulation is one of the most lethal forms of IPV. Frequently, a lack of visible external trauma is present, and attempted strangulation may be accompanied by other more severe injuries to the head and face; thus, the signs and symptoms of nonfatal strangulation may be overlooked. Because the emergency department (ED) is frequently the first point of contact for an individual who has experienced any type of IPV, it is imperative that providers have the knowledge and skill set for the identification and management of this patient population. The purpose of this article is to present a discussion of the challenges faced by ED providers in the clinical decision-making process when caring for a patient who has experienced nonfatal strangulation.Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia managed in the emergency department (ED). Visits to the ED for a presentation of AF have been increasing in recent years, with an admission rate that exceeds 60% in the United States and contributes substantially to health care costs. Recent-onset AF-defined as symptom onset less than 48 hr-is a common ED presentation for which rate control or acute electrical or pharmacological cardioversion may be appropriate treatment modalities depending on patient-specific circumstances. The focus of this review is to discuss the current recommendations regarding the management of recent-onset nonvalvular AF in the ED, discuss medication administration considerations, and identify implementation strategies in the ED to optimize throughput and reduce hospital admissions.A variety of tubes are placed by the advanced practice provider including endotracheal tubes, nasogastric tubes, feeding tubes, and chest tubes. Recognizing the proper placement of these tubes is critical to prevent complications and allow for intended use including ventilation, nasogastric drainage, providing enteral nutrition, and drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space. The advanced practice provider must be aware of the anatomical landmarks that help indicate correct positioning for safe use and proper functioning of these tubes. This article will discuss how to assess for proper placement of endotracheal, nasogastric, and chest tubes.
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