Notes

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The DFMF lays a foundation for realizing the planarization and integration of THz systems.La2MoO6Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion (UC) micro-crystals with a tetragonal structure were fabricated through a modified sol-gel method. The samples are found to be spherical in shape with a diameter of about 300 nm. Upon excitation of 980 nm light, the UC emission spectra of the phosphors exhibit green and red bands corresponding to the characteristic transitions of Er3+ ions. As Yb3+ concentration rises, the green emission intensity increases and reaches the maximum at 2.0% Yb3+ content, while the ratio of green/red emission intensities (IG/IR) declines monotonically. Temperature sensing capability was studied employing the fluorescent intensity ratio technique from the thermally coupled levels 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 of Er3+ in temperature range of 293∼533 K. It is interesting to find that Yb3+ concentration has influence on the absolute sensitivity SA, while the relative sensitivity SR is almost independent of Yb3+ content. Furthermore, excellent thermal stability and high temperature sensitivity is also demonstrated in the 2.0% Yb3+-doped sample with the obtained maximum SA and SR as high as 0.008K-1 and 1.093%K-1, respectively. The experimental results indicate that Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped La2MoO6 phosphors can be excellent candidates for temperature sensing applications.The patternability and guest-host interaction with dichroic dye and C-plate liquid crystal polymer (LCP) materials are investigated, and the optical properties of a thin film C-plate retarder and polarizer are studied and compared with theory. The C-plate retarder is a waveplate made of a uniaxial LCP where the optical axis of the LCP is parallel to the surface normal of the optic. No retardance is observed at a normal angle of incidence and retardance grows as the angle of incidence increases. The C-plate polarizer is a C-plate retarder with LCP as the host and a dichroic dye as the guest. The linear diattenuation (LD) of the linear polarizer is zero at a normal angle of incidence and grows with an increasing angle of incidence. Both the C-plate retarder and polarizer can be patterned with minimum feature size down to 2 µm by using ultraviolet photolithography and plasma etching. A planarization process is also developed to deposit a cover layer on top of the pattern to reduce optical loss and to serve as a barrier for subsequent layers.In this study, the digital gradient sensing (DGS) method is extended to determine the local stress fields at the blunt V-notch tip. Completely analytical expressions for angular deflections of light beams in the vicinity of the blunt V-notch tip are deduced based on Filippi's stress equation. Under plane stress conditions, the patterns of angular deflection related to two orthogonal stress gradients are theoretically plotted, and the effects of notch angle and notch radius are synthetically investigated, respectively. New procedures for the evaluation of local stress components and generalized notch stress intensity factor (NSIF) are presented using the experimental patterns of angular deflection contours. The NSIF values at the blunt V-notch tip in polymer materials with different geometric parameters under three-point-bend loading conditions are extracted from the DGS measurements. A good agreement is observed between the experimental data and the finite element simulations, which can verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed DGS method.Recent work has shown that temporally stable optical sources are required in a narrow linewidth Yb-Raman fiber amplifier to suppress the spectral broadening phenomenon. Superfluorescent fiber sources (SFSs) with different spectral widths are used as the Raman-pumped lasers in a 200-watt level narrow linewidth Yb-Raman fiber amplifier for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The experimental results reveal that the spectral broadening phenomenon could be well controlled by using the broadband SFS. Therefore, the narrow linewidth operation could be well maintained during the power scaling process. Moreover, the suppression of the spectral broadening phenomenon would deteriorate when the spectral width of the SFS decreases. This work could provide a compact, low-cost choice for the Raman-pumped laser in narrow linewidth Yb-Raman fiber amplifiers.An iterative wavefront reconstruction method using Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) measurements is presented in this paper. A new cost function for the wavefront reconstruction problem is derived and the solution is obtained iteratively using the gradient descent method. The proposed method aims to effectively handle the scintillated SHWFS measurements and to provide simpler and accurate ways to achieve branch-point-tolerant wavefront reconstruction suitable for adaptive optics compensation of strong turbulence. Simulated iterative wavefront reconstruction results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. A laboratory optical testbed is also presented to show the experimental implementation of the proposed method.Higher-order spatial correlations contribute strongly to visual structure and salience, and are common in the natural environment. HDAC inhibitor One method for studying this structure has been through the use of highly controlled texture patterns whose obvious structure is defined entirely by third- and higher-order correlations. Here we examine the effects that longer-term training has on discrimination of 17 such texture types. Training took place in 14 sessions over 42 days. Discrimination performance increased at different rates for different textures. The time required to complete a visit reduced by 25.4% (p=0.0004). Factor analysis was applied to data from the learning and experienced phases of the experiment. This indicated that the gain in speed was accompanied by an increase in the number of mechanisms contributing to discrimination. Learning was not affected by sleep quality but was affected by extreme tiredness (p less then 0.01). The improved discrimination and speed were retained for 2.5 months. Overall, the effects were consistent with perceptual learning. The observed learning is likely related to the adaptation of innate mechanisms that underlie our ability to identify nonredundant, visually salient structure in natural images. It may involve cortical V2 and appears to involve increased strength, speed, and breadth of connections within our internal representation of this complex perceptual space.
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