Notes

On the utilization of the smartphone imaging-based instrument for point-of-care detection regarding asymptomatic low-density malaria parasitaemia.
Lineage commitment was not affected by the lack of these important osteogenic proteins in 3D, as all cells committed to osteogenesis in bi-potential medium. Our study demonstrates that dimensionality changes the actin cytoskeleton through lamin A and C and zyxin, and highlights the difference in the regulation of lineage commitment in 3D enviroments. Together, these results can have important implications for future scaffold design for both stiff- and soft tissue engineering constructs. More than 30% of patients with epilepsy progress to drug-resistant epilepsy, leading to a significant increase in morbidity and mortality of epilepsy. The limitation of epileptic drug to reach the epileptogenic focus is the critical reason, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role. Here, we successfully constructed a hepatitis B core (HBc) protein nanocage (NC) with the insertion of brain target TGN peptide for facilitating epileptic drug phenytoin delivery to the brain. Our results demonstrated that this nanocage can specifically and efficiently target the brain tissue by 2.4 fold and increase the antiepileptic efficiency of phenytoin about 100 fold in pilocarpine induced models of epilepsy. Both in vivo mice and in vitro human neural three-dimensional cortical organoids demonstrated high penetration ability. These functions are achieved through the facilitation of brain target peptide TGN rather than disruption of brain blood barrier. In summary, we presented an efficient antiepileptic drug delivery nanocage for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Moreover, this therapeutic modulation also provides promising strategy for other intractable neurological disease. Efficient lead removal from metal-containing wastewater, such as acid mine drainage (AMD), is an important step in environmental purification and secondary resources recovery. In this paper, a novel approach by mechanochemically activating CaCO3 through simply wet ball milling in metal-containing solution was developed, where selective Pb2+ precipitation in the form of PbCO3 was achieved based on its reaction with the CO32- from the activated CaCO3. By such milling operation, the removal efficiency of Pb2+ from aqueous solution could reach over 99%, while more than 99% Zn2+ (as well as Mn, Ni and Cd) was remaining in the solutions, demonstrating the feasibility and high effectiveness of precipitating Pb2+ and serving the purpose of recovering other metals without Pb impurity. The solubility differences between Pb carbonate and other carbonates of Zn, Mn, Ni or Cd were understood to be the main pathway and using CaCO3 would offer an easy operation and environmental friendly process to purify the metals-containing wastewater by precipitating Pb, compared with the difficulties when using alkaline neutralization to treat them. In addition, basic zinc carbonate (a zinc-containing ore waste) as an alternative precipitant to CaCO3 in the separation process was also confirmed to increase the zinc recovery in the solution while maintaining high Pb2+ removal efficiency. Rapid expansion of nanotechnology and indiscriminate discharge of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment pose a serious hazard to the ecological receptors including plants. To better understand the role of miRNAs in ZnO-NPs stress adaptation, two small RNA libraries were prepared from control and ZnO-NPs (800 ppm, less then 50 nm particle size) stressed maize leaves. Meager performance of ZnO-NPs treated seedlings was associated with elevated tissue zinc accumulation, enhanced ROS generation, loss of root cell viability, increased foliar MDA content, decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoids contents. Deep sequencing identified 3 (2 known and 1 novel) up- and 77 (73 known and 4 novel) down-regulated miRNAs from ZnO-NPs challenged leaves. GO analysis reveals that potential targets of ZnO-NPs responsive miRNAs regulate diverse biological processes viz. plant growth and development (miR159f-3p, zma_18), ROS homeostasis (miR156b, miR166l), heavy metal transport and detoxification (miR444a, miR167c-3p), photosynthesis (miR171b) etc. Up-regulation of SCARECROW 6 in ZnO-NPs treated leaves might be responsible for suppression of chlorophyll biosynthesis leading to yellowing of leaves. miR156b.1 mediated up-regulation of CALLOSE SYNTHASE also does not give much protection against ZnO-NPs treatment. Taken together, the findings shed light on the miRNA-guided stress regulatory networks involved in plant adaptive responses to ZnO-NPs stress. Norfloxacin is employed as in veterinary and human medicine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Due to the ineffective treatment at the wastewater treatment plants it becomes an emergent pollutant. Electro-oxidation appears as an alternative to its effective mineralization. This work compares Norfloxacin electro-oxidation on different anodic materials two ceramic electrodes (both based on SnO2 + Sb2O3 with and without CuO, named as CuO and BCE, respectively) and a boron doped diamond (BDD). First, the anodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, revealing that NOR direct oxidation occurred at 1.30 V vs. read more Ag/AgCl. The higher the scan rate the higher both the current density and the anodic potential of the peak. This behavior was analyzed using the Randles-Sevcik equation to calculate the Norfloxacin diffusion coefficient in aqueous media, giving a value of D = 7.80 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 at 25 °C), which is close to the predicted value obtained using the Wilke-Chang correlation. The electrolysis experiments showed that both NOR and TOC decay increased with the applied current density, presenting a pseudo-first order kinetic. All the anodes tested achieved more than 90% NOR degradation at each current density. The CuO is not a good alternative to BCE because although it acts as a catalyst during the first use, it is lost from the anode surface in the subsequent uses. According to their oxidizing power, the anodes employed are ordered as follows BDD > BCE > CuO. Sequential soil washing and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) were applied for the remediation of synthetic soil contaminated with diesel. The surfactant Tween 80 was used to enhance the extraction of diesel from synthetic soil, and diesel extraction efficiency was improved with the increase of Tween 80 concentration. Under conditions of 180 min washing time, 10 g synthetic soil with 100 mL surfactant solution and two times of soil washing, about 75.2%, 80.0% and 87.9% of diesel was extracted from synthetic soil with 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g L-1 Tween 80. The degradation of diesel in soil washing effluent was carried out by two EAOPs, electro-oxidation (EO) and electro-Fenton (EF) using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and carbon felt cathode cell. After 360 min EO treatment, 72.7-83.0% of diesel was removed from the effluent after soil washing with 5.0-10.0 g L-1 Tween 80 while higher removal efficiencies (77.7-87.2%) were attained with EF process. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was conducted to analysis the transformation of fluorescent components in diesel during the treatment by two EAOPs.
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