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Soil nematode communities play an important role in ecosystem material cycling and energy flow. In this study, soil samples were collected from three rotation systems in southern Ningxia mountainous region, including alfalfa continuous cropping (A-A), alfalfa-corn rotation (A-C), alfalfa-potato rotation (A-P). Soil physicochemical properties, nematode community composition and their metabolic footprints were measured. Compared with the A-A plot, the concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly increased by 4.6% and 7.4% for SOC, 4.0% and 5.2% for TN in the A-C and A-P plots, respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly higher in the A-C and A-P plots when compared with the A-A plot. The total abundance of soil nematodes in the A-C and A-P plots was higher by 49.5% and 93.7% than that in the A-A plot, respectively, with the dominant trophic group being changed to omnivores-predators from plant parasite. Compared to the A-A plot, the plant parasite index (PPI) was decreased significantly in the A-C and A-P plots, indicating that the harm of plant-parasites was reduced in soil food web. The nematode channel ratio (NCR) in the A-C and A-P plots were higher than that in the A-A plot, indicating that the role of bacterial decomposition was enhanced in soil organic matter decomposition. The maturity index (MI), the total nematode metabolic footprint, enrichment footprint, structure footprint in the A-C and A-P plots were all significantly higher than those in the A-A plot, suggesting that the structure and function of soil food web were more mature and stable, and the productivity and metabolic activity of nematodes were significantly enhanced. In general, the alfalfa-crop rotations improved soil nutrient status and reduced the disturbance degree of soil food web. Furthermore, soil ecosystem developed in the stable and healthy direction, which would be beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture.Coastal saline soil is an important reserve resource of agricultural land. Soil microorganisms play a key role in soil nutrient cycling. However, it is still far from clear about the effects of salinity on soil microbial community. We examined the effects of salinity on soil bacterial abundance, diversity, and community assembly, by collecting soil samples in coastal areas with three salinity levels (non-, mild-, and severe-salinity). Our results showed that the activity of dehydrogenase and the abundance of bacteria significantly decreased in the severe-saline soils, while the diversity of bacteria remained unchanged, compared with non- and mild-saline soils. Bacterial communities were clustered by salinity. Null model was used to infer bacterial community assembly processes. Salinity was the main driving factor for bacterial community assembly. Deterministic process driven by salinity played a leading role in controlling bacterial community composition in coastal saline soil. learn more These findings suggested that coastal saline soils contain abundant microbes within the salinity range, and have a biological basis for soil improvement. Due to the high deterministic process of microbial community assembly, it would be difficult for alien species to colonize coastal saline soils. Salt-tolerant and indigenous strains are recommended when using microbial technology to reclaim coastal saline soils.To get an optimal mode of irrigation and nitrogen supply for table grape production in North China, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation modes and N application rates on dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency of table grape. The irrigation modes included conventional drip irrigation (CDI, with sufficient irrigation), alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation (ADI, with 50% amount of the irrigation water of CDI) and fixed partial root-zone drip irrigation (FDI, with 50% amount of the irrigation water of CDI). The nitrogen application rates were set at 0.4 (N1), 0.8 (N2) and 1.2 (N3) g·kg-1 dry soil. The results showed that compared with CDI, ADI and FDI reduced new shoot pruning amount by 34.8% and 11.2%, respectively. New shoot pruning amount increased with increasing N application rates, being highest under CDIN3. Dry matter accumulation of ADI was the highest, being 5.1% and 12.8% higher than CDI and Fsfer of dry matter to fruit, which increased yield and use efficiency of both water and nitrogen, which is a suitable coupling water and nitrogen supply mode for grape production in northern China.Solid waste-based improver is one of the effective means to improve properties of saline-alkali soil. As a kind of porous waste, activated coke is expected to improve soil properties and alleviate salt-alkali stress. In order to understand the improvement effect of activated coke on saline alkali land in northern Shanxi Province, we examined the effects of different addition rates of activated coke (CK, 0 g·kg-1; A10, 10 g·kg-1; A20, 20 g·kg-1; A50, 50 g·kg-1) on the properties of saline alkali soil and the growth of two plant species. The results showed that activated coke addition could increase the content of water soluble soil aggregates, reduce soil salt content, soil pH, and the electrical conductivity (EC). Compared with CK, the mean weight diameters of the aggregates for the saline-alkali soils grown with Puccinellia distans and maize were increased by 5.1%-32.2%, soil pH was decreased by 0.4%-4.1%, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was decreased by 4.8%-18.7%, and the EC was decreased by 7.4%-8.2%. Applying appropriate amount of activated coke could promote plant growth through reducing the plasma membrane damage of plant cells, increasing plant chlorophyll and Ca2+ contents. The biomass of Puccinellia distans and maize both reached the maximum under the A20 treatment. It suggested that the application of 20 g·kg-1 activated coke (A20) in saline alkali soil could improve soil quality in the rhizosphere soil, increase plant selective Ca2+ absorption, thereby reducing salt damage to plant cells and promote plant growth in saline-alkali habitat.
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