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Fitting Aggressive Adsorption Web sites by Oxygen-Vacancy upon Cobalt Oxides to further improve the actual Electrooxidation involving Bio-mass.
To measure the sound intensity of popular infant white noise machines and Apple iPhone applications (apps) as they vary with volume setting and distance, and compare these output levels with current National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) noise exposure threshold recommendations.

A total of eight infant white noise machines and six iPhone applications were included in the study based on product rating, number of ratings, and cost. The NIOSH Sound Level Meter application through the Apple App Store was used to measure output levels in A-weighted decibels (dBA). Each device was tested at its lowest and highest volume setting and at speaker-to-microphone distances simulating placement within a crib (10cm), just outside of a crib rail (30cm), and on a nightstand across the room (100cm).

At the minimum volume setting, no device exceeded the NIOSH recommended noise exposure threshold of 85 dBA at any distance tested. At maximum volume setting, nine out of fourteen (64.3%) devices exceedeo promote safe use of white noise devices, future studies are needed to fully understand the association between early noise exposure and hearing loss in infants.
Microtia is a congenital auricular malformation, often part of a syndromic form (35%-55% of cases). The accurate prevalence of associated malformations remains to be determined with regard to the heterogeneous results of the previous studies. This study aims to describe in a large population cohort the abnormalities associated with microtia and to determine the most suitable assessment for these children.

This is a retrospective and observational cohort study collecting data from the medical records of children affected by microtia, diagnosed or followed-up between 2007 and 2017. Data were collected via a computer database. Clinical data, as well as imaging or genetic results, were noted.

Six hundred ninety four children were included, 587 (84.6%) with unilateral and 107 (15.4%) with bilateral microtia. Inner ear malformations were observed in 14.1% of the ears. The main associated anomalies were hemifacial microsomia (29%), velopharyngeal insufficiency (9%), ophthalmologic (6.2%), vertebral (5.9%), cardiac (5.5%) and kidney (3%) abnormalities. Main identified entities were Goldenhar, Treacher-Collins and Guion-Almeida syndromes.

A comprehensive clinical assessment must be completed when microtia is diagnosed. Besides screening well-known oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum malformations, velopharyngeal insufficiency should be systematically sought. Specialized care must be provided to the very frequently associated hemifacial macrosomia. NSC714187 Mild forms of this last malformation may correspond to Guion-Almeida syndrome, especially in cases of learning disability.
A comprehensive clinical assessment must be completed when microtia is diagnosed. Besides screening well-known oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum malformations, velopharyngeal insufficiency should be systematically sought. Specialized care must be provided to the very frequently associated hemifacial macrosomia. Mild forms of this last malformation may correspond to Guion-Almeida syndrome, especially in cases of learning disability.
We aimed to assess procedural trends for tracheostomy placement in the management of children with subglottic stenosis. We hypothesize that with increased use of less invasive airway interventions for subglottic stenosis, tracheostomy may be performed less frequently over time.

Data were collected from the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for pediatric discharges with an admission diagnosis of subglottic stenosis (Stenosis of larynx ICD-9 code 478.74) from across the United States for years 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. The number of overall procedures and specific airway procedures including tracheostomy (ICD-9-CM codes 31.1, 31.29) were evaluated.

A weighted estimate of 18,124 pediatric discharges with a diagnosis of subglottic stenosis were identified. Overall, there was an increase in the mean number of procedures performed during hospitalization from 2000 to 2012 (p<0.001); however, there was a decrease in the proportion of children undergoing tracheostomy placement (p<0.001).

Trends over the past decade from a US national database have revealed decreasing tracheostomy placement in hospitalized pediatric patients with subglottic stenosis. This may be due to a change in paradigm with increased use of less invasive, possibly endoscopic, treatment in this patient population. Further investigations may be helpful to identify management paradigms to optimize care in order to help avoid tracheostomy placement.
Trends over the past decade from a US national database have revealed decreasing tracheostomy placement in hospitalized pediatric patients with subglottic stenosis. This may be due to a change in paradigm with increased use of less invasive, possibly endoscopic, treatment in this patient population. Further investigations may be helpful to identify management paradigms to optimize care in order to help avoid tracheostomy placement.
Microtia is a congenital malformation of the external ear often with one or more associated congenital anomalies. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and prevalence of respiratory anomalies in patients with microtia, and clarify the importance of this association in the perioperative period of patients' external ear reconstruction surgery.

Data were collected from 923 microtia patients between August 2017 and December 2020 in the Department of Auricular Reconstruction at the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College. Co-occurring respiratory anomalies were detected using chest computed tomography plus three-dimensional reconstruction and Chest X-ray. Physical examination was performed to assess the severity and type of microtia by trained clinicians. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the relation between laterality of pulmonary underdevelopment and microtia type.

Among the 923 participants enrolled in the study, we identified 21 cases (2.3%) having respiratnd thematic study of a association featured by microtia and respiratory anomalies. Characteristics and prevalence of respiratory anomalies was observed in a Chinese clinical microtia population. Early diagnosis of associated respiratory malformations had practical clinical significance for microtia patients, plastic surgeons and anesthesiologists. Future studies are required to improve understanding of this association and its cause.
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