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Ultrasensitive Photodetectors Based on Island-Structured CH3NH3PbI3 Slender Films.
highlighted, including concern regarding future accessibility.Background Mitral stenosis (MS) is a prevalent disease in the developing world. It is a preventable disease associated with considerably high morbidity and mortality rates. Myocarditis secondary to rheumatic MS can cause left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. In majority of the case this LV dysfunction is subclinical. Recent development in imaging techniques like tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and strain imaging enabled us to detect subclinical LV dysfunction. One such example is Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS), which is a reliable mean of assessing LV dysfunction in patients diagnosed with mitral stenosis. This study is design to determine the frequency of subclinical LV dysfunction in patients presenting with severe MS of rheumatic etiology in our institute. Objective of the study was to determine frequency of subclinical LV dysfunction by mean GLS in patients with isolated severe Rheumatic MS having normal LV Ejection fraction measured by 2D/M-mode echocardiography. It was an observational crosssectional study, conducted at Department of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, during the period of six months from 1st January to 30th June 2016. Methods Fiftyfive patients with isolated severe mitral stenosis of underlying rheumatic aetiology with preserve LV function (EF>50%) were selected as per other inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were evaluated with detailed history, physical examination and echocardiographic examination. GLS was also noted and all other information was recorded on data collection form. Results The average age and mean GLS was 48.20±11.62 years and -19.24±1.15% respectively. Left ventricular systolic impairment in patients under study using the Global Longitudinal Strain was seen in 16.36% (9/55) cases. Conclusions Our results suggest that GLS helps in detecting impairment of LV systolic function at an early stage in patients with mitral stenosis which helps in their risk stratification thus warranting their early management.Background Pakistan being the 6th populous country with a population of 207,774,520, and a growth rate of 2.6%, if left unchecked can reach 335 million by 2050. The total demand of family planning in Pakistan is 55% while the contraceptive prevalence rate is 35% with an unmet need for family planning is 20%. Methods The contraceptive prevalence rate and frequently used contraceptive method in an area with Lady Health Worker services versus an area without Lady Health Worker services of union council Pat Baba were compared over a period of 6 months. 322 households were selected, 161 from LHW covered and 161 from LHW uncovered area of union council Pat Baba District Mardan. Results The knowledge of contraceptive methods was 98.1% in the women of covered area and this knowledge was 90.1% in the uncovered area in union council Pat Baba. The source of information for the women in the covered area was mostly LHWs 87% and in uncovered area 25.5% of the women were informed by the LHWs, followed by elderly family members 7.5% in the covered, and 37.9% of the women in uncovered area. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 59% in covered areas and in uncovered areas it was 51.6%. The most frequently used contraceptive method in covered area was condom 16.8% and in the uncovered area it was withdrawal method 26.1%. Conclusions There was a significant association between the LHWs presence on knowledge scores and contraceptive prevalence rate.Background Urethral stricture disease has significant economic impact throughout world. The bulbar urethra is the commonest site for urethral strictures (Approx 50%) followed by penile urethra in most of the published literature. In developing countries trauma (road traffic accident and iatrogenic) is the leading cause of urethral stricture disease. Younger patients have usually idiopathic type as compare to old age group, which present more frequently with iatrogenic and trauma related urethral strictures. Methods This Qausi Experimental study was conducted from May2012-June2016 of duration at Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. All the patients diagnosed with short urethral strictures related to bulbar urethra were included in this study. All the patients underwent non transecting bulbar urethroplasty. All patients were assessed preoperatively, peri-operatively and postoperatively and on follow-up visits as; on 2nd, 8th and 24th week. All the data regarding outcome was recorded on the Performa and analyzed oricture up to 2.5cm. Idiopathic aetiology, iatrogenic and posttraumatic urethral strictures in selective patients can safely be operated with this technique.Background This study aims toward establishing the impact of prophylactic pre-operative antimicrobial therapy on tonsillectomy related haemorrhage. Methods In this randomized controlled trial conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad from January 2017 till August 2019, 121 children and adult patients who had consented and had undergone tonsillectomy were evaluated for procedure related haemorrhage. Results Incidence rate of secondary posttonsillectomy haemorrhage and need for re-hospitalization was significantly less in patients who had completed pre-operative prophylactic antibiotics. Patient-reported secondary haemorrhage was recorded in 4.59% (n=9) cases who did not receive pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis, thereby increasing morbidity and prolonging hospital stay. Secondary post-operative bleeding only occurred in 1.18% (n=2) patients who received appropriate pre-operative anti-microbial prophylaxis. Conclusions We strongly imply that prophylactic pre-operative antibiotics reduce procedure related complications in all patients undergoing tonsillectomy.Background Hip fracture causes high morbidity in elderly. 5-FU clinical trial Decreased bone mineral density is associated with hip fracture risks. The study is conducted to identify relationship of histomorphological changes in proximal femur in the cases of hip fractures in elderly with histomorphological changes in proximal femur. Methods A total of 30 elderly patients with hip fracture were studied in this case series. The study was carried out in Orthopaedic and Pathology departments at Mardan Medical Complex from May 2014 to October 2014. Specimen during surgery, were collected for histopathological study. Results Bone biopsy of hip fracture cases revealed cortical thinning, reduced number of osteocytes, thinning and fragmentation of trabeculae. Conclusions This study concluded that bone micro architectural changes seems to be associated with the risk of hip fracture.
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