Notes

Shikonin attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative injury throughout HT29 tissue through antioxidising actions and also the inhibition associated with mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis.
One patient (0.5%) showed erectile dysfunction 5 years after surgery, but there was no organic dysfunction during examination. The proposed technique allows correction of ventral congenital penile curvature without dorsal neurovascular bundle manipulation, resulting in minimum trauma of the erectile tissue, without injury to nerve fibres.C-type lectin-like CD161, a class II transmembrane protein, is a surface receptor expressed by NK cells and T cells. In coeliac disease, CD161 was expressed more frequently on gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells compared to other memory CD4 + T cells isolated from the same tissue compartment. CD161 is a putative co-signalling molecule that was proposed to act as co-stimulatory receptor in the context of signalling through TCR, but contradicting results were published. In order to understand the role of CD161 in gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells, we combined T cell stimulation assays or T cell proliferation assays with ligation of CD161 and intracellular cytokine staining. We found that CD161 ligation provided neither co-stimulatory nor co-inhibitory signals to modulate proliferation and IFN-γ or IL-21 production by gluten-reactive CD4 + T cell clones. Thus, we suggest that CD161 does not function as a co-signalling receptor in the context of gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells.
Endoscopic mucosal healing is the current therapeutic target in Crohn's disease. However, transmural healing could lead to better outcomes.

To assess whether transmural healing or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) healing are better therapeutic targets than endoscopic mucosal healing to predict long-term improved outcome in Crohn's disease METHODS From our MRI database, we retrospectively identified all Crohn's disease patients who had MRI and colonoscopy within a 3-month interval (median interval=17.5days). Four groups were considered endoscopic mucosal healing (no ulceration or aphthoid erosion), MRI healing (no MRI signs of inflammation and no complication), transmural healing (combination of endoscopic and MRI healing) or no healing. Outcomes were time to surgery, bowel damage progression, hospitalisation, major outcomes (one of the three previous endpoints) and Crohn's disease-related drug discontinuation. Results were expressed in multivariable analyses adjusted on potential confounders (hazard ratio are associated with lower risk of bowel damage progression than endoscopic mucosal healing and could be considered as better therapeutic targets in Crohn's disease.
To compare factors associated with the sedentary lifestyle described in the literature with the factors listed in NANDA International.

Systematic review with meta-analysis of factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle in adolescents, adults and older people.

An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Latin America and the Caribbean Literature on Health and Science databases conducted in May 2016.

Descriptive data were extracted according to a standardized form. The odds ratios for each etiological factor associated with a sedentary lifestyle were extracted directly from the articles or calculated from the data described therein. The meta-analysis was conducted for factors that were investigated in more than one study.

Thirty-five articles were included. The statistically significant factors were lack of social support, of physical space, of time, of motivation, of sports skills and of interest in physical activity, intolerance to activity, being retired, living in a low-income country, laziness, not having a job/studying, low socioeconomic status and level of knowledge about physical activity, female gender, living in an urban area, negative self-perception of health, using public transportation, being in the oldest age group in the study and perceived physical disability.

The new factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle and those already included in the NANDA International classification will lead to better clinical guidance for nurses.

Knowledge about these factors can contribute directly to public health policies.
Knowledge about these factors can contribute directly to public health policies.
Closing movements are among the jaw's basic physiological motor actions. During functional movements, the jaw changes position continually, which requires appropriate proprioception. However, the significance of the various proprioceptive receptors involved and how they interact is not yet fully clear.

This study's main objective was to test whether preventing intercuspation (IC) for 1week would affect the precision of jaw-closing movements into IC and the functional space of habitual chewing movements (HCM). A secondary objective was to compare precision of jaw-closing movements into IC with the precision of movements into a target position (TP) far from IC.

Fourteen participants' HCM and jaw-closing movements into IC were recorded on two sessions (T1 and T2) 1week apart. Between sessions, participants wore posterior bite plates to prevent IC. They also received a 10-minute training session at T1 to guide their jaw-closing movements into TP. The precision of the closing movements into IC and TP was analysed. For HCM, the vertical amplitude, lateral width and area of chewing cycles were evaluated.

The precision of jaw movements into IC increased as the jaw gap decreased, but precision did not differ significantly between T1 and T2. MK-2206 mouse For HCM, the vertical amplitude and area of chewing cycles increased significantly between T1 and T2. The precision of the closing trajectory into TP increased significantly during the training session.

Our results confirm the excellent adaptability of the craniomandibular system, controlled by stringent motor programmes that are supported by continuous peripheral sensory input.
Our results confirm the excellent adaptability of the craniomandibular system, controlled by stringent motor programmes that are supported by continuous peripheral sensory input.
We studied the point prevalence of suicidal and violent ideation, as well as their co-occurrence and associated characteristics in inpatients with mental health disorders.

Data on suicidal and violent ideation, and sociodemographic and clinical information, were gathered from 1,737 patients when admitted to the acute psychiatric ward.

The point prevalence was 51.9% for suicidal ideation and 19.8% for violent ideation. The point prevalence of co-occurring suicidal and violent ideation was 12.3%, which was significantly greater than expected by chance. Logistic regression analyses indicated that both suicidal and violent ideation were associated with young age and the absence of diagnoses of psychotic disorders; in addition, suicidal ideation was associated with female gender, violent ideation, and diagnoses of mood- neurotic and personality disorders, whereas violent ideation was associated with male gender, suicidal ideation, and diagnoses of mood and neurotic disorders.

Overall, the findings highlight the need for further research on suicidal and violent ideation in people with mental health problems including, but not limited to, their association with adverse behavioral outcomes, as well as the need to routinely assess both suicidal and violent ideation in clinical practice.
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