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Low-Frequency Cortical Entrainment to Speech Reflects Phoneme-Level Control.
The association between a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and subsequent type 2 diabetes (referred to throughout as diabetes) remains inconclusive. We reviewed the most recent evidence to quantify the association of previous HDP with incident diabetes.

A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL was performed up to 17 February 2020 to identify observational studies of the association between HDP (pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension) and incident diabetes. Studies of women with pre-pregnancy diabetes were excluded. Selleckchem OTSSP167 Two independent reviewers screened citations and abstracted results. Study quality was assessed in duplicate using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects models were used to pool effect estimates. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I
statistic.

After screening 4617 citations, 16 cohort studies with a total of 3,095,457 participants were included (unspecified HDP n = 5, pre-eclampsia only n = 4, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia n = 7). Risks of subsequent diabetes were significantly higher in women with a history of any HDP (HDP adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.24, 95% CI 1.95, 2.58; gestational hypertension aHR 2.19 [95% CI 1.69, 2.84]; pre-eclampsia aHR 2.56 [95% CI 2.02, 3.24]; preterm pre-eclampsia aHR 3.05 [95% CI 2.05, 4.56]). The association between HDP and diabetes persisted in studies that adjusted for gestational diabetes mellitus (aHR 2.01 [95% CI 1.77, 2.28]).

HDP are independently associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Further study is needed to determine how HDP contribute to diabetes risk prediction to develop evidence-based screening and prevention strategies. Graphical abstract.
HDP are independently associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Further study is needed to determine how HDP contribute to diabetes risk prediction to develop evidence-based screening and prevention strategies. Graphical abstract.
Contemporary data for the association of diabetes with haematological malignancies are lacking. We evaluated the risk of developing haematological malignancies and subsequent mortality in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes.

We conducted a population-based observational study using healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada. All Ontario residents 30years of age or older free of cancer and diabetes between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2015 were eligible for inclusion. Using Cox regression analyses, we explored the association between diabetes and the risk and mortality of haematological malignancies (leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma). The impact of timing on associations was evaluated with analyses stratified by time since diabetes diagnosis (<3months, 3months to 1year, ≥1year).

We identified 1,003,276 individuals with diabetes and age and sex matched these to 2,006,552 individuals without diabetes. Compared with individuals without diabetes, those with diabetes had a lower risk of malignancy and mortality. Graphical abstract.
The lipid profile has not been fully investigated in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and the prevalence of lower-limb PAD at baseline and its incidence during follow-up in people with type 2 diabetes.

Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, ApoA-II, ApoB-100 and Apo(a) were measured at baseline using colorimetric or MS methods in the SURDIAGENE cohort. Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, non-HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were estimated using computation formulas. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to estimate OR or HR, with related 95% CI, for baseline prevalence or incidence of major PAD (lower-limb amputation or requirement of revascularisation) during follow-up by increasing lipoprotein tertiles, after adjustment for key confounders.

Among 1468 participants (women 42%, mean ± SD age 65 ± 11ye.80 [95% CI 1.06, 3.12], p = 0.03).

We reported independent associations between HDL-cholesterol, ApoA-I, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio or non-HDL-cholesterol and the prevalence or the incidence of major PAD in people with type 2 diabetes. Our findings provide a picture of lipoprotein profile in people with type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
We reported independent associations between HDL-cholesterol, ApoA-I, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio or non-HDL-cholesterol and the prevalence or the incidence of major PAD in people with type 2 diabetes. Our findings provide a picture of lipoprotein profile in people with type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
In the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), accurate evaluation of UC activity is important to achieve mucosal healing. We sought to investigate the clinical utility of linked color imaging (LCI) for the evaluation of endoscopic activity and prediction of relapse in UC patients.

We enrolled 72 consecutive UC patients in remission who underwent colonoscopy at our institution between September 2016 and October 2018. The relationship between the presence of redness in white light imaging (WLI) and LCI and histopathological inflammation (Geboes score GS) at 238 biopsy sites was examined. We also assessed the presence or absence of planar redness in the entire rectum as ± and classified the patients into three groups according to the combination of WLI/LCI A WLI-/LCI-, B WLI-/LCI+, and C WLI+/LCI+. The relationship between WLI/LCI classification and relapse in 64 patients followed up for more than 12months from initial colonoscopy was assessed and compared to the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES).

A GS of 0 or 1 accounted for 89% of WLI/LCI non-redness sites, while a GS of 2 or 3 accounted for 42% of WLI non-redness/LCI redness sites. LCI findings were significantly correlated with GS. During follow-up, 10 patients in group C and four patients in group B relapsed, but none in group A. Non-relapse rates were significantly correlated with WLI/LCI classification, but not with MES.

LCI is a useful modality for accurate assessment of endoscopic activity and prediction of relapse in UC by detecting mild inflammation unrecognizable by WLI.
LCI is a useful modality for accurate assessment of endoscopic activity and prediction of relapse in UC by detecting mild inflammation unrecognizable by WLI.
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