Notes

A systematic review of the actual transiliac internal fixator (TIFI) pertaining to rear pelvic incidents.
However, there are important differences between the design and evaluation of models for a predictive context including study design goals, inclusion or exclusion of candidate risk factors, model evaluation and the additional need to assess model error.

This article contrasts how causal and predictive modeling approaches are different and argues that indiscriminately modeling risk factors for birth trauma and pelvic floor disorder outcomes is costly to women.
This article contrasts how causal and predictive modeling approaches are different and argues that indiscriminately modeling risk factors for birth trauma and pelvic floor disorder outcomes is costly to women.
While pelvic organ prolapse is common in clinical observation, there is a lack of evidence regarding its actual proportion and associated factors in the study area. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors could potentially help with prevention. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors related to pelvic organ prolapse in the Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia.

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 women, recruited by the systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected in a face-to-face interview using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire to assess the symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse and the socio-demographic, obstetric, gynecologic, medical and surgical characteristics. The stage of prolapse was determined by pelvic examination using the Simplified Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification staging system. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were employed.

The overall prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (stage I-IV) was found to be 37.6% when determined by pelvic examination and 9.2% as assessed by prolapse symptoms. Age ≥ 40years [AOR 2.46 (1.320, 5.314)], age at first delivery ≤ 20years [AOR 4.719 (2.44, 9.11)], carrying heavy objects for ≥ 5hours a day [AOR 12.724 (4.89, 33.07)], parity ≥ 4 [AOR 3.739 (1.693, 8.208)], prolonged labor [AOR 3.487 (1.699, 7.159)], constipation [AOR 2.835 (1.273, 6.317)] and anemia [AOR 2.22 (1.049, 4.694)] were significantly associated with pelvic organ prolapse.

Prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse is high in the area; thus, developing information and education programs on avoiding risk factors is advisable to reduce the problem.
Prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse is high in the area; thus, developing information and education programs on avoiding risk factors is advisable to reduce the problem.Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25-74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32-84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). We used an analytic sample from MIDUS-II (1996/1997) and MIDUS-III (2013) (n = 1821). The dependent variables are episodic memory and executive functioning, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition (BTACT). The independent variables were social stress variables (subjective social status, family and marital stress, work stress and discrimination). To evaluate episodic memory and executive functioning changes over a time period of 10 years, we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Women report significantly lower subjective social status and more discrimination stress than men across all age groups. Controlling for education and income, age, and baseline episodic memory and executive functioning, lower subjective social status had additional adverse effects on declines in episodic memory in men and women. Marital risk had adverse effects on episodic memory in men but not in women. Daily discrimination had adverse effects on executive functioning on all individuals. Public health strategies should focus on reducing social stress in a socio-ecological perspective. Especially, subjective social status and discrimination stress might be a target for prevention efforts.Most prospective studies of bone mineral density (BMD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have been of relatively short duration, with a maximum of 6 years. To describe long-term changes in BMD in women with SLE and identify risk factors associated with BMD loss. We retrospectively evaluated 132 adult Mexican-Mestizo women with SLE who underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Demographic and clinical data were collected and BMD at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip were collected at baseline and during the follow up. At baseline, the mean age of participants was 43.4 ± 12.5 years, 50.8% had osteopenia and 11% osteoporosis. The median follow-up was 13 (IQR 10.2-14.0) years. During follow up, 79% of patients used glucocorticoid (GCT). The mean percentage of changes in BMD during follow up were - 14.03 ± 11.25% (- 1.49%/year) at the lumbar spine, and - 15.77 ± 11.57% (- 1.78%/year) at the total hip, with significant changes (p  less then  0.001 for both comparisons). Multivariate analysis showed older age, GCT use at baseline, and transition to the menopause during the follow-up were significantly associated with greater reductions in BMD. U73122 in vitro This retrospective longitudinal study found significant BMD loss at the lumbar spine and hip. Older age, menopausal transition and GCT use were independently associated with BMD decline in women with SLE.
Given an increasingly overweight population, unicompartmental knee replacements (UKRs) are being performed in patients with higher body mass indices (BMIs). There are concerns that cemented fixation will not last. Cementless fixation may offer a solution, but the long term results in different BMI groups has not been assessed. We studied the effect of BMI on the outcomes of cementless UKRs.

A prospective cohort of 1000 medial cementless mobile-bearing UKR with a mean follow up of 6.6years (SD 2.7) were analysed. UKRs were categorised into four BMI groups (1) ≥ 18.5 to < 25kg/m
(normal), (2) 25 to < 30kg/m
(overweight), (3) 30 to < 35kg/m
(obese class 1) and (4) ≥ 35kg/m
(obese class 2). Implant survival was assessed using endpoints reoperation and revision. Functional outcomes were assessed.

Ten-year cumulative revision rate for the normal (n = 186), overweight (n = 434), obese class 1 (n = 213) and obese class 2 (n = 127) groups were 1.8% (CI 0.4-7.4), 2.6% (CI 1.3-5.1), 3.8% (CI 1.5-9.
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