Notes

Different and plentiful arbuscular mycorrhizal infection throughout ecological sailing beds employed to treat eutrophic drinking water.
Postnatal period is a neglected period compared to the antenatal period. Providing adequate care to infant and mother during this vital period is essential.

To assess the postnatal care (PNC) received by the mothers and newborn children in Puducherry.

Community-based cross-sectional study done among the postnatal mothers under the care of two urban Primary Health Centers (PHC A and PHC B) in Puducherry in 2015-2016. Eligible mothers were contacted at their houses within 4 weeks of completion of their postnatal period to assess the postnatal care.

Out of 227 postnatal mothers in the study, only 37.4% (85) (95%CI 31.3-43.9) of the mothers had received adequate counselling services on topics of nutrition, hygiene, contraception, essential newborn care, breastfeeding, and immunization. Cord care was given for 99.1% of the babies and breastfeeding position was checked for 88.5% of the babies. Among the mothers who had normal deliveries, 48.1% (76) (95% CI 40.4-55.9) of the mothers had initiated breastfeedistem strengthening.
Successful sex is one of the greatest behavioral needs of couples, especially those who marry at an early age. The best way to access information is education and learning. Face to face training is one of the most common methods, with the advancement of technology, multimedia training can be a good alternative method to sex education. This study was designed to comparison between two educational method Multimedia and Face to face on sexual function of Afghan Migrant Adolescent Women.

The study was a quasi-experimental educational intervention conducted in selected charity centers in Mashhad. The selected centers were randomly chosen as face to face intervention (
= 36), multimedia intervention (
= 36) and control (
= 36) groups. Our method of sampling was convenient at each center. Intervention groups received four one-hour sessions of sex education using various face to face and multimedia methods. Sexual function were measured using female sexual function index (FSFI) before, immediately and 8 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.

The level of sexual function did not show a significant difference in groups before the intervention, but these increased significantly immediately (
= 0.005) and 8 weeks later (
< 0.001).

Because of the taboo of sexual issues and the lack of difference between the two methods in improving sexual function, multimedia method is a good alternative educational method.
Because of the taboo of sexual issues and the lack of difference between the two methods in improving sexual function, multimedia method is a good alternative educational method.
The seasonal influenza vaccine is beneficial for both the pregnant women and their infants. It is considered as primary prevention for pregnant women and it decreases the serious outcomes when infection does occur. The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and barriers linked to uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine among pregnant women visiting primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia.

A cross-sectional study done in Al-Ahsa with a target population of 410 Saudi pregnant women who attend antenatal care (ANC) clinics in PHCs in Al-Ahsa. The selection of participants was made by using multistage random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection.

Two-thirds of the participants (66.1%) stated that they were not offered the flu vaccine by any doctor. Sixty percent of the participants (60.6%) show lack of knowledge regarding flu vaccine during pregnancy. One hundred and fifty-four of the participants (61.1%) have negative attitude toward the flu vaccine uptake during pregnancy. Concern regarding the side effects of the vaccine was the most mentioned barrier (80.9%).

The uptake rate of influenza vaccine among pregnant women visiting Al-Ahsa PHCs is considerably low. In order to improve the uptake, we recommend increasing awareness among physicians working in PHCs of the importance of vaccination, enhancing the knowledge of women in childbearing age about influenza and its vaccine, and emphasizing the need to provide the influenza vaccine as part of routine ANC.
The uptake rate of influenza vaccine among pregnant women visiting Al-Ahsa PHCs is considerably low. In order to improve the uptake, we recommend increasing awareness among physicians working in PHCs of the importance of vaccination, enhancing the knowledge of women in childbearing age about influenza and its vaccine, and emphasizing the need to provide the influenza vaccine as part of routine ANC.
Although there are safe and effective methods of abortion, unsafe abortions still widely spread, mainly in underdeveloped countries.

Study of post abortion care services at Red Sea State to address rate and utilization of post-abortion care package.

This is a descriptive (observational hospital-based study), conducted at Port Sudan Maternity hospital (May 2018-May 2019). The sample included all patients with inevitable and incomplete miscarriage.

The total admissions to emergency in gynaecological department during the study period was 9525 cases, of them 1077 cases of abortion, hence the rate was 11.3%. Spontaneous onset occurred in 631 (58.6%) and induced in 446 (41.4%). Surprisingly very few surgical evacuations done in 2 (0.2%). 710 (66.1%) evacuated by Misoprostol and MVA done for 362 (33.7%). Patients who received family planning and counseling were 223 (20.7%).

in conclusion the rate of abortion was 11.3%, high incidence of induced abortion and high non-surgical evacuation. Utilization of care package is reasonable.
in conclusion the rate of abortion was 11.3%, high incidence of induced abortion and high non-surgical evacuation. Utilization of care package is reasonable.
"Self-medication" is the self-use of medicines for treatment of illnesses. Inappropriate use of medicines without prescription leads to unwanted adverse effects, harmful drug interactions, and antibiotic resistance which is an emerging concern in developing countries due to escalating burden of infectious diseases. Selleckchem BTK inhibitor This study aims at identifying the frequency and contributing factors of self-medication, nature of illness, and types of medicines used without doctor's prescription.

This cross sectional study was conducted at Indus Hospital Karachi between March 2017 and December 2018. Two hundred and forty people of any age visiting the outpatient clinics of the Indus hospital consenting to participate were included. Whereas all clinicians including medical officers, specialists and consultants were excluded from the study.

Three-fifth (
= 147; 61.3%) of the participants reported that they did self-medication either for themselves or for their children in the past one year. The most common symptoms for which self-medication was done were fever (
= 82, 55.
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