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Marine Algae-Derived Bioactive Ingredients: A whole new Say regarding Nanodrugs?
However, there is a chance of increase in food waste from the broken supply chains such as food items getting stuck on road due to restriction in vehicle movements, lack of workers in the warehouse for handling the food products, etc. The study also stresses the need for building localized resilient supply chains to counter such situations during future pandemics. While offering innovative solutions to existing waste management challenges, the study also suggests some key recommendations to the policymakers to help handle probable future pandemics if any holistically.•New challenges in MSW management in Tehran after the COVID-19 pandemic was studied.•Over 5.5 millions of PPEs are being daily discarded in Tehran during COVID-19.•Hospital wastes are being disposed of without undergoing any treatment in Tehran.•Landfilling of MSW has increased by 34.7% after the outbreak of COVID-19.•Secondary contagion from improper management of MSW is probable in Tehran.•Effective governance and efficient coordination across multi-levels and multi-sectors are pivotal factors to ensure food supply during COVID-19.•Digital tools and innovative models provided valuable solutions to cope with the crisis in China, which can be further developed and contribute to the "New Normal".•The pandemic implies the necessity to strengthen urban-rural linkages and foster local food production for more resilient local food systems.In this study, a natural surfactant, saponin was isolated from soapnut (Sapindus Mukorossi). The extracted surfactant was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The effectiveness of the isolated surfactant as EOR agent was evaluated from foam generation/stabilization properties, wettability alteration of the rock surfaces, as well as oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) reduction characteristics. The performance of the extracted saponin was compared with that of a commercial saponin and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The foaming properties of the saponin with carbon dioxide (CO2) was characterized using Teclis Foamscan instrument at room condition and 60 °C. The IFT and contact angles at room conditions and reservoir conditions were measured using KRŰSS Drop Shape Analyzer (DSA 25 and DSA 100) via pendant drop and sessile drop techniques respectively. The foamability of the saponin-stabilized foam was good at ambient condition and 60 °C. Moreover, the time taken for almost 100e of SiO2 nanoparticles (0.05 wt% and 0.1 wt%). The study suggests that the extracted saponin could be considered as supplementary alternative to conventional EOR surfactants.Biocidal functionalization in polyester fibers is a really tough challenge because of the lack of tethering groups. This study indicated supercritical carbon dioxide application using N-halamine would be an alternative solution for obtaining antibacterial function on the polyester surface. Firstly, N-(2-methyl-1-(4-methyl-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4 yl)propan-2 yl)acrylamide was synthesized and applied to the polyester in supercritical carbon dioxide medium, at 120 °C, 30 MPa for different processing times. BAY 1000394 research buy The addition of N-halamine on the surface significantly brought antibacterial activity against E. coli. The chlorine loadings showed that 6 -h exposure time was critical to obtain sufficient antibacterial activity. This treatment caused a reasonable and tolerable loss in color and mechanical properties. But, the durability to abrasion, stability, and rechargeability of oxidative chlorine, and the durability of N-halamine on the surface were remarkably good. Conclusively, it can be available to work on polyester surfaces with resource-efficient and eco-friendly supercritical carbon dioxide technique for getting more functionalization and modification.We present an early version of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Deceased (SEIRD) mathematical model based on partial differential equations coupled with a heterogeneous diffusion model. The model describes the spatio-temporal spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, and aims to capture dynamics also based on human habits and geographical features. To test the model, we compare the outputs generated by a finite-element solver with measured data over the Italian region of Lombardy, which has been heavily impacted by this crisis between February and April 2020. Our results show a strong qualitative agreement between the simulated forecast of the spatio-temporal COVID-19 spread in Lombardy and epidemiological data collected at the municipality level. Additional simulations exploring alternative scenarios for the relaxation of lockdown restrictions suggest that reopening strategies should account for local population densities and the specific dynamics of the contagion. Thus, we argue that data-driven simulations of our model could ultimately inform health authorities to design effective pandemic-arresting measures and anticipate the geographical allocation of crucial medical resources.This paper analyzes the drivers of cross-border bank lending to 49 Emerging Markets (EMs) during the period 1990Q1-2014Q4, by assessing the impact of monetary, financial and real sector shocks in both the US and the euro area. The literature has traditionally highlighted the influence of US monetary policy on driving cross-border bank flows, and more recently the importance of both US and Euro Area (EA) financial/banking sectors' related variables. Our contribution is the simultaneous analysis of the role of these US and EA drivers, as well as their interactions with real sector shocks. We corroborate the negative impact of US monetary policy tightening on cross-border lending to EMs, but we find that EA monetary policy seems to have an impact mostly on Emerging Europe, reflecting the fact that cross-border lending to most other EM regions is dollar denominated. We also find that real sector shocks in both the US and EA trigger an increase in cross-border lending, but less in EA when modeling the financial sector. Finally, for financial sector shocks, such as those associated with a decrease in bank leverage, our results indicate a broad-based overall contraction of cross-border lending if the shock originates in the US, and heterogenous effects across borrowing regions if the shock originates in the EA.
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