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Nanoemulsions: An overview around the Conceptualization for treating Epidermis Utilizing a Eco-friendly Surfactant using Low-Energy Emulsification Method.
In order to screen African swine fever virus (ASFV) diagnostic antigen with the best enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactivity. By establishing the ELISA method, the diagnostic antigen of ASFV p30 protein expressed by baculovirus-insect cell expression system as reference, we explored the antigenic properties and diagnostic potential of ASFV p35 protein expressed by prokaryotic expression system as a diagnostic antigen. The results of Western blotting and immunofluorescence show that the molecular weight of the recombinant p35 protein and p30 protein obtained was 40 kDa and 30 kDa, respectively, and these two proteins had good immuno-reactivity with ASFV positive serum. Recombinant p30 and p35 proteins were used as diagnostic antigens to establish ELISA, and the sensitivity and repeatability of these methods were tested. The results show that although the detection sensitivity of the p30-ELISA established in this study was higher than that of the p35-ELISA, the sensitivity of p35-ELISA was 95.8%, and variations in intra- and inter-assay repeatability of the two methods were less than 10%. The coincidence rate between the p35-ELISA and the imported kit was 97.2%. Results show that p35-ELISA was sensitive and stable, and could detect specific antibodies against ASFV.In order to establish an infectious clone for CDV-3, a commercial vaccine strain of canine distemper virus for mink, to provide reference for the studies of pathogenesis and novel vaccine development of CDV. Thirteen pairs of primers were used to amplify the full-length genome of CDV-3 strain. Five long fragments were obtained based on single restriction site analysis of the whole genome of CDV-3 by RT-PCR. Five fragments were successively inserted into the multiple clone sites in the modified eukaryotic vector of pcDNA3.2 by restriction enzymes and splicing. Meanwhile, the hammerhead ribozyme and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme sequences were added to the beginning of F1 fragment and the ending of F5 fragment, respectively. Then, the full-length cDNA recombinant plasmid of CDV-3 was obtained and named as pcDNA3.2-CDV-3. In addition, three helper plasmids, expressing the N protein, P protein and L protein of the CDV-3 strain respectively, were constructed. The 293T cells were transfected with the full-length c₅₀/mL within 36 h post infection (p.i.) in Vero cells, while wtCDV-3 grew gradually to 10⁶·⁶⁶⁷ TCID₅₀/mL at 72 h p.i. in Vero cells. This reverse genetic system of CDV-3 strain has been established successfully, to provide reference for the studies of pathogenesis and novel vaccine development of CDV.Directed evolution is a cyclic process that alternates between constructing different genes and screening functional gene variants. It has been widely used in optimization and analysis of DNA sequence, gene function and protein structure. It includes random gene libraries construction, gene expression in suitable hosts and mutant libraries screening. The key to construct gene library is the storage capacity and mutation diversity, to screen is high sensitivity and high throughput. This review discusses the latest advances in directed evolution. These new technologies greatly accelerate and simplify the traditional directional evolution process and promote the development of directed evolution.Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) synthesis by activated sludge using volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in fermentation liquid of excess sludge as carbon source is a hotspot in the field of environmental biotechnology. However, there is no unified conclusion on the effects of non-VFAs, mainly dissolved organic matter (DOM), on PHA production. Thus, this critical review mainly introduces the main characteristics and common analysis methods of DOM in anaerobic fermentation liquid. The effects of DOM on PHA production are analyzed from the aspects of microbiology, metabolic regulation and sludge properties. The results of different studies showed that high concentration of DOM is bad for PHA production, but an appropriate amount of DOM is conducive to the stability of sludge properties, reducing the final PHA purification cost. Finally, suitable strategies were proposed to regulate the PHA synthesis by activated sludge with DOM for PHA production by anaerobic fermentation liquid.WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcription factors in higher plants and involved in regulating multiple and complex growth and development processes in plants. WRKY12 is a typical member of WRKY family. This article summarizes recent research progresses on the regulatory mechanism of WRKY12 in multiple growth and development processes, and analyzes the functional differences between WRKY12 and WRKY13. It provides a useful reference for further studying the molecular mechanism of WRKY12 in plant complex developments. It also provides clearer research ideas and reference strategies for exploring the self-regulation of other WRKY member and the mutual regulatory relationships between different WRKY family genes.In recent years, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has emerged as a powerful tool for basic research in microbiology (e.g., molecular mechanisms of microbial evolution) and efforts on evolutionary engineering of microbial strains (e.g., accelerated evolution of industrial strains by bringing beneficial mutations). The ongoing rapid development of next-generation sequencing platforms has provided novel insights into growth kinetics and metabolism of microbes, and thus led to great advances of this technique. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the applications of long-term and short-term ALE techniques mainly for microbial strain engineering, and different modes of ALE are also introduced. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations of ALE and potential solutions. We believe that the information reviewed here will make a significant contribution to further advancement of ALE.Water solubility, stability, and bioavailability, can be substantially improved after glycosylation. Glycosylation of bioactive compounds catalyzed by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and glycosyltransferases (GTs) has become a research hotspot. FGFR inhibitor Thanks to their rich sources and use of cheap glycosyl donors, GHs are advantageous in terms of scaled catalysis compared to GTs. Among GHs, sucrose phosphorylase has attracted extensive attentions in chemical engineering due to its prominent glycosylation activity as well as its acceptor promiscuity. This paper reviews the structure, catalytic characteristics, and directional redesign of sucrose phosphorylase. Meanwhile, glycosylation of diverse chemicals with sucrose phosphorylase and its coupling applications with other biocatalysts are summarized. Future research directions were also discussed based on the current research progress combined with our working experience.
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