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Localised Nodal Metastasis of Humeral Chondrosarcoma in the Pet.
Antrodia cinnamomea has been shown to possess antitumor activity. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of Antrodia cinnamomea extract (ACE) on growth and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. The effect of ACE on cell viability was determined by MTT assay and fluorescent live-cell imaging. The apoptotic effect of ACE was determined by cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry. A P53-mediated apoptosis pathway was identified by measuring protein expression of p53 and Bcl-2 with Western blotting. Additionally, mRNA expression of p53 and Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by qRT-PCR. The effect of ACE on cancer cell migration was confirmed by a wound-healing assay. Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at the protein and gene levels was determined by western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. This study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of ACE on A549 cell proliferation in a dose-response manner with an [Formula see text]. find more It was determined that ACE concentration at [Formula see text] induced cell cycle arrest at S phase in A549 cells. The apoptosis-regulating protein p53 expression was enhanced and also associated with the downregulation of Bcl-2 in ACE treatment cells. The mRNA expression of p53 and Bcl-2 associated with Bxa was consistent with protein expression. The inhibition of migration of cancer cells treated with ACE was clearly evident. At the same time, suppression of expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at protein and mRNA levels was observed. The findings of this study highlight ACE as a potential agent of adjuvant therapy for lung cancer.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the deposition of the [Formula see text]-Amyloid peptide ([Formula see text]A), which causes the inflammation of neurons. Bee venom (BV) elicits a strong anti-inflammatory response, and therefore we conducted an in vitro experiment to study the efficacy of BV in an AD cellular model. To mimic AD, the U87MG cell line was incubated for 168 hours with 2.5 [Formula see text]M [Formula see text]A. Changes were confirmed by microscopy, and peptides were measured under stain-free conditions using homo-tomography. Sulforhodamine B analysis was performed to analyze the cell viability. Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was conducted to analyze mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-[Formula see text]B, COX-2, TNF-[Formula see text], IL-1), and Western blot was performed to measure the Caspase-3 protein levels. BV showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations below 10 [Formula see text]g/mL. The NF-[Formula see text]B mRNA levels were not significantly different between the BV group and the control group. The amount of [Formula see text]A accumulation in the BV group decreased significantly. The mRNA expression levels of COX-2, TNF-[Formula see text], and IL-1 were significantly reduced using 10 [Formula see text]g/mL of BV compared to those in the control group. Additionally, Caspase-3 levels were also reduced compared to those of the control group when BV was used at a concentration of 10 [Formula see text]g/mL. BV could inhibit apoptosis and inflammatory responses in an AD cellular model. In addition, it prevented cell accumulation of [Formula see text]A, an important pathogenic mechanism in AD.Purpose Measuring readiness for change is an important part of the treatment planning process for individuals with addiction and co-occurring disorders. The University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) is a commonly used instrument in conjunction with motivational interviewing and has been endorsed by federal and several state substance abuse agencies. This study provides an alternative to classical test theory in determining the extent to which the URICA measures the complex concept of motivation for change in determining the stage of change of participants.Method The Rasch model analysis was used to determine model-fit of the URICA in measuring motivation for change among participants (N=256) in a web-based recovery program.Results The URICA did not exhibit model-fit. Items do not provide a step-wise difficulty level in measuring motivation for change. Category responses did not support a clear distribution between categories and responses.Discussion Findings suggest that significant adaptations to the instrument are needed to ensure the specificity of items and discrete endorsement of more specific motivational factors among individuals seeking aftercare services.Conclusion It is vital that social workers utilize standardized measures to support clinical decision-making. While the URICA is a commonly used instrument to measure motivation for change, the Rasch analysis supported findings from other analyses that the URICA failed to adequately predict motivation for change among participants.Parenting support needs of patients diagnosed with incurable end-stage cancer (IESC) with young families are not addressed as part of routine hospital health care. Their support needs and experiences of hospital-based parenting support are largely unknown. The study aims to explore hospital-based parenting support delivery from patient and co-parent perspectives in context to their parenting experience and support needs. Exploratory, prospective, cross-sectional qualitative design. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight adult patients with IESC and four co-parents purposively recruited from a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Findings were thematically analyzed. Parents desire support with challenging multidimensional parenting issues. Organization, health professionals (HP), and parental-based factors hinder and facilitate optimal service provision. Responsibility rests with HP to initiate parenting support. Interdisciplinary family-focused support offered throughout IESC health-care journey is key. Patient-centered family-focused support is warranted. Surmountable challenges lie with management and HPs to address barriers affecting optimal service delivery.An increasing number of college students are experiencing food insecurity. This study seeks to examine food insecurity through a campus climate lens. The campus climate lens is particularly relevant since extant literature indicates a positive correlation between perceptions of campus climate and academic outcomes. Survey data was collected from 1,295 students at one Midwestern university in order to measure experiences with food insecurity and campus climate. Findings indicate that food insecure students have significantly less favorable perceptions of campus climate as compared to their food secure counterparts. These less favorable perceptions could place food insecure students at risk for compromised academic outcomes. Universities are encouraged to address food insecurity. Social work educators/practitioners in universities are well-positioned to lead this charge, thereby promoting the social and economic well-being of the increasingly diverse student body. Current and proposed social work efforts related to this topic are discussed.
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