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Linear concentration-response relationship of serum caffeinated drinks along with adenosine-induced fraxel movement reserve overestimation: an assessment using papaverine.
This study proposes a sensitive and baseline-free method to evaluate the health status of a 1018 steel I-beam by measuring its material nonlinearity using a new nonlinearity parameter defined for Rayleigh waves. This parameter yields a true value of material nonlinearity using the Rayleigh wave harmonics obtained from the experiments carried out at the intact and impacted states of the I-beam. Accordingly, the evaluated nonlinearities are inherent and damaged induced respectively. The results show that, for an intact state, the nonlinearity obtained using the new parameter and the experimental results for different propagation distances, consist of several peaks and the first peak reaches the true material nonlinearity. Whereas, in case of damaged state, the nonlinearity parameter at the impacted location shows a sudden increase and reaches a value higher than that of the nonlinearity evaluated at the same location for intact state. Thus, the health status can be easily tracked by comparing the nonlinearity obtained from the current state of the I-beam at its first peak with that of a physics based nonlinearity parameter evaluated at the intact state using the higher order elastic coefficients of the material. Therefore, this method is termed as baseline-free. Lastly, a novel concept of evaluating the population of dislocations formed in the material as a result of impact loading, using the new nonlinearity parameter is introduced and an equation for its estimation is given. The trend of the results given by this new equation are in accordance with those reported in the literature. In contrast, deviation between the linear parameter such as the wave velocity at the intact and impacted state remains marginal. Thus, by using the new nonlinearity parameter, it has been proven that the inspected steel specimen can be easily differentiated whether it is at the intact or damaged state. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We performed an experimental, analytical and prospective study to evaluate the systemic activation of inflammasome in atherosclerosis' patients, in order to shed light into responsible mechanisms for plaque formation. SUBJECTS We included sixty individuals distributed into 3 groups 2 groups based on the report from the angiography (severe lesions - SL and primary lesions - PL) and 1 group enclosing healthy individuals (HC). METHODS The expression assays of inflammasome genes NLRP1, NLRC4, CASP-1 and IL-1β were performed using Real Time qPCR, with specific Taqman Assays. IL-1β serum levels were analysed by commercial kit. Were applied the Shapiro-Wilk and Student's T-test as statistical tests. Statistical significance was set to p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Upregulation of NLRP1 (+3.47 FC, p = 0.0001), NLRC4 (+7.06 FC, p = 6.792 × 10-09) and IL-1β (+2.43 FC, p = 0.005) was observed in all atherosclerosis patients when compared to HC. According to stenosis severity, patients with primary lesions showed upregulation of inflammasome genes NLRP1 (+2.87 FC, p = 0.0008), NLRC4 (+6.34 FC, p = 4.134 × 10-07) and IL-1β (+3.39 FC, p = 0.0012) with respect to the HC group. No statistical difference was found in IL-1β serum levels according the assessed groups. CONCLUSIONS Inflammasome activation in atherosclerosis's patients can be systemic altered and may be triggered by NLRP1 and NLRC4 receptors. IL-1β gene expression was identified in our study as an important systemic detectable marker of plaque severity. BACKGROUND Marginal ulcer is a well-known complication after pancreatoduodenectomy. In light of increasing long-term survival after pancreatoduodenectomy, the identification of risk factors and preventive strategies are of utmost importance. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/l-nmma-acetate.html We assessed the incidence, clinical impact, and potential risk factors of marginal ulcer after pancreatoduodenectomy. METHODS A prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy was analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and bivariate competing-risk Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for marginal ulcer. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-five consecutive patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. The median follow-up was 35.7 months. Marginal ulcer was diagnosed in 19 patients (7.5%), and the median time from pancreatoduodenectomy to marginal ulcer diagnosis was 450 days. Thirteen of these 19 patients presented with abdominal pain, melena, or anemia. In all these 13 patients, marginal ulcer resolved with proton pump inhibitor therapy and endoscopic surveillance. Six patients with marginal ulcer presented with an acute abdomen and underwent emergency laparotomy for marginal ulcer perforation and peritonitis. There was no marginal ulcer-related mortality. Univariate and bivariate competing-risk analyses showed an increased risk for marginal ulcer with discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor therapy, smoking, alcohol intake, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor therapy was an independent risk factor for marginal ulcer development. CONCLUSION Marginal ulcer is a relevant long-term complication after pancreatoduodenectomy that occurs more frequently after proton pump inhibitor therapy is discontinued. Based on our data, permanent use of proton pump inhibitor after pancreatoduodenectomy is strongly recommended especially for those patients who smoke, consume alcohol, or use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. BACKGROUND Collagen stimulators such as Ellansé® are soft tissue fillers able to induce nucleogenesis. We describe a case of eruptive foreign body granulomas following injection of Ellansé® that were successfully treated using methotrexate. CASE REPORT A 47-year-old woman received injections of Ellansé® for the wrinkled aspect of her cheeks. She had previously undergone injections of hyaluronic acid on the nasolabial folds. Nine months after the Ellansé® injections, the patient consulted for the recent appearance of multiple nodules on her face. Histological analysis of one of these nodules confirmed the presence of foreign-body granulomas developed in contact with spherical gaps of a size substantially identical to the Ellansé® vacuoles. Methotrexate 10mg per week for 3 months followed by 20mg per week for 9 months resulted in complete regression of the nodules. DISCUSSION Ellansé® is composed of two biocompatible and bioabsorbable polymers carboxymethylcellulose, responsible for immediate volume creation, and polycaprolactone, which promotes collagen synthesis.
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