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Resources along with Schemes regarding Multimodal Reconfigurable Micro/Nanomachines along with Spiders: Assessment and also Point of view.
We further discussed a number of annotated lncRNAs linking with complex etiology of kidney diseases. Finally, several lncRNAs were highlighted as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Targeting lncRNAs may represent a precise therapeutic strategy for progressive renal fibrosis.One of the leading killer diseases that target the parenchymal tissues of lungs is Tuberculosis. Although antimycobacterial drugs are available, there are increased incidences of drug resistance encountered in Mycobacterium sp. They have been categorized into MDR (Multidrug resistant) and XDR (Extensively drug-resistant) strains exhibiting resistance toward successive treatment regimen. This situation threatens the futuristic containment of TB with the dearth of anti-TB drugs. Nanotechnology, the emerging multidisciplinary science has presented an excellent opportunity for timely and accurate diagnosis and discrimination of Mycobacteria via its unique physio-chemical and optical characteristics. The delayed and misdiagnosis of TB and lack of sensitive diagnostic method(s) has seen a paradigm shift toward nanoparticulate system for improved diagnosis, drug delivery and reduced treatment frequency. NB 598 This review article highlights the evolution of tuberculosis and its transformation to multidrug resistant strain. Further, the conventional methods for diagnosing TB and the challenges encountered in their analytical performance have been highlighted and the strategies to overcome those challenges have been briefly discussed. Smart approaches encompassing metal nanoparticles, Quantum Dots (QDs) and Field Effect Transistors (FET) based biosensor for accurate diagnosis have been critically reviewed. A decade long state-of-the-art knowledge on TB nanodiagnostics, fabrication concepts and performance characteristics has been reviewed.The imbalance of SUMOylation is related to different cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Ginkgolic acid (GA) inhibits the growth and invasion of many cancer cells, and it has been reported to restrain SUMOylation. However, the role of GA in GC and whether it functions through SUMOylation remains to be clarified. Our research revealed that GA (151) inhibited cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and overall protein SUMOylation in BGC823 and HGC27 cells. In addition, knockdown of SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier) instead of SUMO2/3 played a similar role to GA in cell behaviors. Besides, nuclear IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) expression was markedly upregulated in GC cells compared to normal gastric epithelial cells. GA prevented IGF-1R from binding to SUMO1, thereby suppressing its nuclear accumulation. Further research found that IGF-1R directly bound to SNAI2 (snail family zinc finger 2) promoter. The interference of IGF-1R downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of SNAI2, while the overexpression of SUMO1, IGF-1R and UBC9 (SUMO-conjugating enzyme) played the opposite role. Furthermore, the co-transfection of SUMO1, UBC9 and IGF-1R vectors or the overexpression of SNAI2 reversed the inhibitory effects of GA on cell proliferation, migration and EMT. Finally, GA impeded the growth of GC xenografts and decreased the expression of nuclear IGF-1R and SNAI2 in vivo. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that GA hindered the progression of GC by inhibiting the SUMOylation of IGF-1R. Thus, GA might be a promising therapeutic for GC.
Pancreatic cystic fluid (PCF) analysis is useful to distinguish between different cyst types and guide management. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of glucose level with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in PCF for mucinous cyst diagnosis.

We identified studies with PCF obtained by EUS before surgery, with cysts classified as mucinous and nonmucinous according to surgical specimens. A random effects model was used for quantitative meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivities, specificities, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve analysis were conducted.

For CEA, we included 31 studies with 5268 patients, of which 2083 were referred for surgery and for glucose we included 5 studies with 460 patients, of which 275 were referred for surgery. Glucose performed better than CEA for mucinous cysts diagnosis (premalignant and malignant) with sensitivities of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86-0.94) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.65-0.70), specificities of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68-0.82) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.83), and areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.95 and 0.79, respectively. Glucose had a higher sensitivity (91%), with uncommon false negative results, making it an excellent biomarker to exclude a mucinous cyst. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the findings of the current meta-analysis are robust.

Glucose level in PCF is more accurate than CEA for preoperative diagnosis of mucinous cysts. It may become a useful first line test, particularly in small cysts with limited volume of PCF. Larger studies are awaited to confirm glucose as the single test for mucinous cyst diagnosis.
Glucose level in PCF is more accurate than CEA for preoperative diagnosis of mucinous cysts. It may become a useful first line test, particularly in small cysts with limited volume of PCF. Larger studies are awaited to confirm glucose as the single test for mucinous cyst diagnosis.The interactions of l-arginine (l-arg) with Langmuir monolayers of three most common phospholipids, which are sodium salt of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), have been investigated at the air-water interface. The surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms of these monolayers have been measured with a film balance and monolayer morphology has been observed by a Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The DPPG monolayers on pure water do not show any phase transition but show irregular shaped condensed phases formed just after evaporation of the solvent at 20 °C. However, this monolayer on l-arg solution subphase indicates a first-order phase transition from liquid expanded to liquid condensed (LE-LC) phases and forms LC domains at the same temperature. With an increase in the l-arg concentration in the subphase up to 5.0 × 10-4 M, the π-A shows an overall increasingly greater expansion in the molecular area. All of the π-A isotherms recorded on ≥5.
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