Notes

Melatonin Safeguards Against Ischemic Injury to the brain by simply Modulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Process by means of Reductions involving PTEN Action.
Aim Schizophrenia is a mental disorder and one of the suspected causes is cytokines. One of them is tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Cytokines have the potential to affect cognitive function. The study aimed to find a correlation of TNF-α level with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in patients with schizophrenia (PwS), and comparing the level of TNF-α levels between PwS and healthy controls. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analytic study and the study designs were correlation and comparative analysis, i.e. using a Mann-Whitney U test. A total number of 100 subjects were collected, and they were divided into two groups of PwS and control group, respectively. Results The results found that most of the PwS subjects were 39 men (78.0%), while the control group were 28 men (56.%). The differences in TNF-α levels between PwS and control groups were found to be significant p less then 0.001, there was no significant correlation between TNF-α level and the score of MMSE of the PwS with p = 0.938, with a very weak correlation that was r = -0.011, and a negative correlation direction. Conclusion There was a significant difference between TNF-α level of PwS and control group, i.e. PwS group had lower TNF-α level compared to the control group. CT99021 The TNF-α level of PwS group had a very weak effect on the cause of cognitive dysfunction in PwS group, yet the higher level of it could reduce MMSE score in PwS group. Copyright© by the Medical Assotiation of Zenica-Doboj Canton.Aim To investigate the impact of pain intensity of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients. Methods This cross sectional study included 30 PHN patients attended to the Dermatology and Venereology Department of the School of Medicine of Universitas Sumatera Utara during the period between April 2019 and October 2019. Zoster Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire including the worst pain in 24 hours and the level of interference with seven domains of quality of life (QoL) (general activity, mood, walking ability, working, relationship with other people, sleep and enjoyment of life) were used. Pearson's correlation (r) was categorized as very weak (0.0- less then 0.2), weak (0.2- less then 0.4), moderate (0.4- less then 0.6), strong (0.6- less then 0.8), and very strong (0.8-1.0). Results There was a very strong correlation between worst pain intensity and mood disturbance (r=0.846) and working status (r=0.818). Worst pain intensity had a strong correlation with general activity (r=0.673), relationship with other people (r=0.653), sleep (r=0.774) and disturbance of enjoyment of life (r=0.783). Therefore, the correlation between worst pain intensity and walking ability was moderate (r=0.475). The worst pain intensity had a significant correlation with all seven domains of QoL (p less then 0.05). Conclusion Pain intensity influences the QoL with directly proportional correlation between pain intensity and disturbance of QoL. Copyright© by the Medical Assotiation of Zenica-Doboj Canton.In contrast to classical appendectomy where the appendiceal stump is secured by a single or double ligature, in laparoscopic appendectomy various ways of securing the stump are mentioned. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages. Since different possibilities exist for closing the stump, it is very important to find the optimum method for closure of the appendiceal stump, bearing in mind their simplicity, biocompatibility and price. The aim of this review article has been to present the problem of securing the base of the appendix during laparoscopic appendectomy. Copyright© by the Medical Assotiation of Zenica-Doboj Canton.Aim To assess endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene (G894T) polymorphism and nitric oxide (NO) level in hypertensive diabetic Bataknese patients. Methods A hospital-based, case control study (hypertensive and normotensive diabetic patient) was conducted. Genotyping of eNOS gene (G894T) was done using polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Nitric oxide was quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Sandwich ELISA). Results GT polymorphism and T allele were higher in the hypertensive diabetic patients, 37.5% (p=0.6) and 54% (p=0.39), respectively. Nitric oxide level tended to be lower in the hypertensive diabetic patients (88.87µmol/L) comparing to the normotensive (95.42 µmol/L (p=0.54), as well as GT and TT polymorphism type (p=0.75). Conclusion eNOS gene (G894T) polymorphism is not associated with NO level and hypertension in the diabetic Bataknese patients. Copyright© by the Medical Assotiation of Zenica-Doboj Canton.Aim To investigate clinical and obstetrical characteristics, an outcome and a prognosis for pregnant women with diagnosed and treated genital or extragenital cancer and their newborns. Methods This retrospective cohort study included pregnant and childbearing women with a history of cancer diagnosed before pregnancy during the period between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018. Data related to the course of pregnancy and childbirth were collected from medical records (mothers' disease history and partogram). The analysis covered clinical and histopathological characteristics of cancers, type of the treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), demographic data, obstetric characteristics, comorbidities of women, and outcome of the newborns. Results The study recorded 18 414 deliveries, of which 30 (0.16%) were pregnancies in women who had been diagnosed and treated earlier for genital or extragenital cancer. The average age of the women at the time of delivery was 29.43±5.97 years. There were six (20%) women with genital and 24 (80%) with extragenital cancer. The most frequent extra genital cancer was Hodgkin lymphoma, in eight (26.6%) cases; ovarian cancer was the most frequent genital cancer, in four (13.3%) cases. The average time span from the cancer diagnosis and start of the treatment to the delivery was 59.2±44.4 months (5 years) (range 12 months - 15 years). Two (6.6%) women died. Conclusion Our data demonstrate a favourable obstetric and neonatal outcome for women who have survived cancer. Copyright© by the Medical Assotiation of Zenica-Doboj Canton.
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