Notes

17β-Estradiol Increases APE1/Ref-1 Secretion throughout Vascular Endothelial Tissue and also Ovariectomized Rodents: Involvement regarding Calcium-Dependent Exosome Pathway.
Scleroderma is derived from Latin meaning hard skin. It is an uncommon, noninflammatory connective tissue disorder characterized by increased fibrosis of the skin and in certain variants, multiple other organ systems. Scleroderma involves a spectrum of pathologic changes and anatomic involvement. It can be divided into localized and systemic scleroderma. Hand involvement is common and can include calcium deposits within the soft tissues, digital ischemia, and joint contracture. Nonsurgical management consists of lifestyle modifications, biofeedback, therapy for digital stiffness/contracture, and various pharmacologic medications. When nonsurgical measures are unsuccessful, certain surgical options may be indicated, each with their inherent advantages and pitfalls. Patients with scleroderma who are undergoing surgical intervention pose unique difficulties because of their poorly vascularized tissue and deficient soft-tissue envelopes, thus increasing their susceptibility to wound healing complications and infection. Some subgroups of patients are frequently systemically ill, and specific perioperative measures should be considered to reduce their surgical risk. signaling pathway The spectrum of hand manifestations seen in patients with scleroderma will be reviewed with the focus on evaluation and management.Hip arthroscopy is rapidly growing as a treatment with good outcomes for pathologic conditions such as femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and labral tears. At the same time, it is one of the most technically challenging and demanding procedures in orthopaedics with a technically demanding skill. The first challenge is to safely access the joint, which requires accurate anatomical knowledge, a strong sense of spatial orientation, and repeated practice. Iatrogenic chondrolabral injury has been reported as the most common complication in hip arthroscopy and most frequently occurs during hip joint access. As such, basic foundations cannot be overstated. These complications can be minimized with adequate patient positioning, reproducible hip joint access techniques, and proper portals placement. Nonetheless, these three points are perhaps the greatest hurdles that orthopaedic surgeons face when entering the hip arthroscopy field. In this review, we outlined a stepwise approach for a safe access to hip arthroscopy.
To report a sutureless and equipment-free technique for contact lens wide-angle viewing system during vitreoretinal surgery.

A step-by-step procedure and a surgical video using this technique were proposed.

This technique needs only 3-finger control of contact lens either by the left hand (for the right-handed surgeon) or right hand (for the left-handed surgeon). The contact lens is not fixed to the environment (lid speculums, cannulas, corneoscleral limbus), therefore it allows the surgeon to move and tilt the contact lens freely while keeping a clear view of the retina.

The sutureless and equipment-free technique for contact lens viewing system during vitreoretinal surgery has been tried and tested, and is practical and effective in the real world.
The sutureless and equipment-free technique for contact lens viewing system during vitreoretinal surgery has been tried and tested, and is practical and effective in the real world.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well-known disease-modifying intervention for allergic diseases. Its benefit in allergic asthma, ranging from prevention to facilitating asthma control, is yet to be clarified.

In 2017, following several well-designed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with house-dust mites (HDM) sublingual (SLIT) tablets in asthma, global initiative for asthma (GINA) guidelines highlighted the need to treat the allergic component of asthma. In 2019, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology published the first comprehensive guidelines for HDM AIT in allergic asthma, formulating separate recommendations for subcutaneous, SLIT drops, and SLIT tablets. Significant steps were undertaken in understanding the mechanisms of allergic asthma, facilitating the stratified approach for selecting responders and in translating the immune-modulation effect in achieving long-term control of the chronic inflammation in asthma.

Currently existing guidelines recommend AIT as a therapeutic option in controlled or partially controlled HDM allergic asthma. Limited data are available for pollen, molds and pets, as well as for the severe allergic asthma population. The challenge for the future research will be to clarify the subendotypes of allergic asthma responding to AIT, the mechanisms facilitating its' preventive and disease-modifying effect, the optimal duration of the treatment, and route of administration.
Currently existing guidelines recommend AIT as a therapeutic option in controlled or partially controlled HDM allergic asthma. Limited data are available for pollen, molds and pets, as well as for the severe allergic asthma population. The challenge for the future research will be to clarify the subendotypes of allergic asthma responding to AIT, the mechanisms facilitating its' preventive and disease-modifying effect, the optimal duration of the treatment, and route of administration.
To evaluate the indication to perform venom immunotherapy (VIT) during pregnancy considering the risks of adverse events during the build-up phase or the maintenance phase and analyzing specific articles and guidelines on VIT.

Only few studies treat this argument and literature only counts one recent study on the topic, whereas recent guidelines state the behavior to keep in pregnancy.

Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) affects about 7.5% of the European population. VIT is the only effective disease-modifying treatment for patients presenting anaphylactic reactions. VIT counts several mechanisms of action, with the increase of IgG1 and IgG4 and a cytokine impairment inducing a Th2-Th1 shift. Pregnancy is a health condition where a Th2 profile is required to prevent fetal rejection, so VIT could be a problem for the fetus when started during pregnancy.
Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) affects about 7.5% of the European population. VIT is the only effective disease-modifying treatment for patients presenting anaphylactic reactions.
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