Notes

The result associated with treatment method in retinal microvasculature in children using unilateral amblyopia.
The development of a class II malocclusion is usually related to a reduced oropharyngeal airway space. In order to prevent airway obstruction, functional appliances are commonly used for orthodontic therapy. The aim of the article is to verify if these appliances could positively influence oropharyngeal diameters preventing the onset of future respiratory disorders.

A group of 10 patients treated at the Dental Clinic of San Gerardo Hospital in Monza with mandibular activator was selected. Ten similar untreated class II subjects with retrognathic mandible were used as control group. The cephalometric tracings were made on lateral teleradiographs of the skull before and after the active therapy with functional devices for the treated group and before and after growth peak for the control one. Descriptive statistical analysis was calculated for all the cephalometric values in both study cases and control group using Excel worksheet. The data distribution was evaluated with Shapiro-Wilk test and the in-betweehips, but there is no evidence of successful breathing disorders prevention by using mandibular activators, probably due to the stability of airway tissues reached in pubertal age in both groups.
The present study aimed to investigate the total number of visits required to conclude root canal treatments (RCTs) as well as the motivations associated to the choice of dentists practicing in low-income areas of Brazil.

A total of 3,103 questionnaires were electronically and individually delivered to professionals of Salvador, Sergipe, and Alagoas (Brazil). The questionnaire encompassed sociodemographic data and questions regarding the number of sessions required to conclude RCT. Also, postoperative pain, professional qualification, the use of technological resources, and time for one-visit treatment were evaluated. #link# Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Poisson regression analyses (
< 0.05).

A total of 326 responses were obtained with higher prevalence of specialists in the field of endodontics (36.8%). Dentists reported greater preference for rotary instrumentation (Alagoas 54.6%, Aracaju 62.1%, and Salvador 83.5%), and most of the participants reported multiple visits to treat root canals wite influenced by both professional and biological parameters such as the attendance to postgraduation programs and the use of technology as well as to the biological condition of the pulp and the occurrence of postoperative complications.
Despite the social inequalities in the analyzed area, professionals have been seeking for knowledge by means of continuing education programs and the implementation of technological resources in their clinical routine, although this fact has poorly influenced the acceleration of RCT. Clinical significances The total number of visits to conclude endodontic treatment may be influenced by both professional and biological parameters such as the attendance to postgraduation programs and the use of technology as well as to the biological condition of the pulp and the occurrence of postoperative complications.
This study relates the average number of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) obtained in a series of cases of oral leukoplakia, with three methods of histopathological classification of such lesion.

This is a histopathological-histochemical laboratory cross-sectional study. The 18 cases of leukoplakia analyzed were filed at Pathology Service of the Biological Sciences Institute of the University of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (SDH/ICB/UPF) (2017 and 2018), from which epidemiological data were extracted. New histological sections were performed for impregnation by the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) technique. The histopathological slides were analyzed by photon microscopy (1,000×), and the nuclei of 100 epithelial cells were photographed to count the number of NORs. Three methods were used for the lesions' histopathological classification [World Health Organization (WHO), Brothwell, and binary system]. The means of NORs were compared with the three histopathological classificatopathological classifications available for such lesion.
The AgNOR method should be used with caution to determine the clinical treatment of oral leukoplakias, since no agreement was observed between this method and the histopathological classifications available for such lesion.
The purpose of this research was to survey the effect of low-level laser irradiation time on socket healing in rats.

This randomized nonblinded animal study was done on 24 male rats that were divided into four groups. First maxillary molars of rats were extracted through general anesthesia, and laser was used in all four groups first group with zero radiation time, second group with 3 minutes, third group with 5 minutes, and fourth group with 10 minutes of radiation by the diode laser (power 100 mW, wavelength 980 nm). Half of the rats (three rats) were sacrificed on the 3rd day and another half of rats were sacrificed on the 7th day. Then, the presence of angiogenesis, bone trabeculae, fibroblasts, neutrophil cells, macrophage cells, and lymphocyte cells was assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 21) using parametric tests.

Among 24 rats, on the 3rd day, the percentage of macrophage and bone trabecula increased significantly in the 5 minute group (
= 0.041 and
< 0.01, respectively). Other changes in days 3 and 7 were not statistically significant (
> 0.05).

Low-level laser radiation can accelerate the process of tooth socket healing, which was particularly noticeable in the 5 minute radiation over 3 days.

Using a low-level laser can be helpful in accelerating the healing of the tooth socket and reduce the complications after tooth extraction.
Using a low-level laser can be helpful in accelerating the healing of the tooth socket and reduce the complications after tooth extraction.
Variation in the surface roughness of archwires not only leads to more accumulation of plaque but also modifies the coefficient of friction. This necessitated for the present study to evaluate the surface characteristics of 0.016 × 0.022-inch nickel-titanium, beta-titanium, and copper-nickel-titanium archwires, before and after their use in the oral cavity using atomic force microscopy.

https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lmk-235.html and experimental samples were measured at three different positions under atomic force microscopy. The surface roughness was measured using roughness average, root mean square, and maximum height before and after use in the oral cavity among 60 adult participants. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Student's
tests using the Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS) v.20.0.

The surface roughness of archwires increased considerably after their clinical use compared to controls for nickel-titanium (
= 0.013) and beta-titanium (
= 0.002). A similar trend was noticed for root mean square where nickel-titanium (
= 0.
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