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Noninvasively see the phrase associated with LAPTM4B health proteins by using a novel 18F-labeled peptide Family pet probe inside hepatocellular carcinoma.
Iron homeostasis is essential for mitochondrial function, and iron deficiency has been associated with skeletal muscle weakness and decreased exercise capacity in patients with different chronic disorders. We hypothesized that iron deficiency-induced loss of skeletal muscle mitochondria is caused by increased mitochondrial clearance. To study this, C2C12 myotubes were subjected to the iron chelator deferiprone. Mitochondrial parameters and key constituents of mitophagy pathways were studied in presence or absence of pharmacological autophagy inhibition or knockdown of mitophagy-related proteins. Furthermore, it was explored if mitochondria were present in extracellular vesicles (EV). Iron chelation resulted in an increase in BCL2/Adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and BNIP3-like gene and protein levels, and the appearance of mitochondria encapsulated by lysosome-like vesicular structures in myotubes. Moreover, mitochondria were secreted via EV. These changes were associated with cellular mitochondrial impairments. These impairments were unaltered by autophagy inhibition, knockdown of mitophagy-related proteins BNIP3 and BNIP3L, or knockdown of their upstream regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha. In conclusion, mitophagy is not essential for development of iron deficiency-induced reductions in mitochondrial proteins or respiratory capacity. The secretion of mitochondria-containing EV could present an additional pathway via which mitochondria can be cleared from iron chelation-exposed myotubes. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.Inflammation is an important defense mechanism. In this complex and dynamic process, drastic changes in the tissue micro-environment play key roles in dictating the nature of the evolving immune response. EGFR cancer However, uncontrolled inflammation is detrimental, leading to unwanted cellular damage, loss of physiological functions, and even death. As such, the immune system possesses tools to limit inflammation while ensuring rapid and effective clearance of the inflammatory trigger. Foxp3+ regulatory T (TREG ) cells, a potently immunosuppressive CD4+ T cell subset, play a crucial role in immune tolerance by controlling the extent of the response to self and non-self Ags, all-the-while promoting a quick return to immune homeostasis. TREG cells adapt to changes in the local micro-environment enabling them to migrate, proliferate, survive, differentiate, and tailor their suppressive ability at inflamed sites. Several inflammation-associated factors can impact TREG cell functional adaptation in situ including locally released alarmins, oxygen availability, tissue acidity and osmolarity and nutrient availability. Here, we review some of these key signals and pathways that control the adaptation of TREG cell function in inflammatory settings. ©2020 Society for Leukocyte Biology.BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic advances, asthma prevalence remains high. Psychosocial factors, including maternal mental disorders, may be involved. This study aims to evaluate the association of maternal common mental disorders (CMDs) and their change over time with asthma morbidity in the child and to observe the effect of social support on this association. METHODS This prospective study involved 189 dyads of mothers and their asthmatic children aged between 2 and 14 years, assisted in specialized outpatient clinics. We measured the association of maternal CMD evolution (absent, maintained or improved over time) with asthma control and visits to the Emergency Department (ED) due to asthma attacks through Poisson regression analysis. We further stratified the sample according to social support levels to identify a possible effect of this variable on the association of maternal psychological symptoms with asthma morbidity. RESULTS Compared with mothers who maintained CMD over time, maternal CMD absence had a protective effect on the occurrence of visits to the ED (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.26-0.79) and maternal CMD improvement was associated with lower risk of uncontrolled asthma in the child (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37-0.97). There was a stronger association of maternal CMD improvement with asthma control in the child only for the stratum of mothers with high social support in its three dimensions (affective-social interaction, emotional-informational, and material dimensions). CONCLUSIONS Maternal CMD absence and improvement over the study period were protective factors for uncontrolled asthma in the child, mainly in the presence of high social support. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognoses in children are rare. METHODS A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using the Medline and EMBASE databases between 1 January and 18 March 2020. RESULTS The search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1-5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID-19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognoses than adults. Deaths were extremely rare. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The aim of this study was to provide morphometric, anatomic and radiographic data of the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) including a functional interpretation of this, as a reference for clinical use, biomedical research and teaching purposes. Currently, the Patagonian huemul deer is in danger of becoming extinct due to multiple causes. Research carried out for its conservation has focused mainly on its ecology and pathology, leaving gaps in biological knowledge, which is basic and important for its comprehension. This study was conducted to reveal the gross osteology and radiology features of the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian huemul deer. The osteological findings suggest the presence of powerful flexor muscles in the scapulohumeral and elbow joints, useful to cushion the jumps. Also, the principal nutrient foramen of Patagonian huemul differs in position with respect to domestic ungulates, which may be important to consider during surgical procedures. Finally, the radiographic data can provide new information about the tissue loading conditions in Patagonian huemul, so that this new knowledge can be of great importance for a better understanding of mechanically induced or adaptive changes in bone produced by habitat or other ecological phenomena.
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