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Gastrointestinal system and also skin color leaks in the structure of chemical substances within buyer merchandise using simultaneous artificial tissue layer leaks in the structure analysis (PAMPA).
Due to low aging rate, the environmental behavior of naturally weathered microplastics (MPs) are not fully understood. Here, we systematically investigated the surface property and adsorption behavior of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) MPs during outdoor exposure in Yangtze River water for 18 months, and compared their difference from those in laboratory process. Results showed that compared to PE and PS MPs, PP underwent higher changes in surface aging properties such as rapid fragmentation and surface oxidation. Outdoor exposure exhibited different effects on adsorption property of MPs for metal ions, where adsorption capacities of PE and PS MPs for Co(II) were increased with aging degrees, while few change occurred on different aged PP MPs. As for Cr(VI), aging process further decreased the overall adsorption on PP, PE and PS MPs. The difference was mainly ascribed to the surface property (e.g. oxygen-containing groups and size) and the adhered biofilm and charged minerals. We further validated that similar types of oxidation products were formed between natural and laboratory aging of MPs, whereas the reaction order of these products, fragmentation rate and the change in adsorption property of aged MPs might be different in both processes. The findings provide essential information to assess real environmental behavior of MP samples.Haze has become an important factor to harm people's health. In the face of the harm of haze, people express risk perception behavior through publishing online comments on haze news. To a certain extent, online comments affect the government's decision to deal with haze. However, most of the previous efforts only focused on several cities from a micro perspective whereas the existing research lacks to explore the regional differences of risk perception behavior of the whole country from a macro perspective. The macro perspective of research can help policymakers to formulate strategies of haze control according to local conditions. Therefore, it is important to understand the risk perception behavior of publishing online comments and haze from the macro perspective. In this study, we use quantitative methods to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of online comments and PM2.5 in 334 cities in China from 2014 to 2018. From the spatial perspective, the spatial characteristics of online comments are quite different from those of PM2.5 at the city level. BlasticidinS It can be seen that the spatial mismatch can affect the government's strategy of haze control according to local conditions. From the perspective of influencing factors, we find that the risk perception behavior of publishing online comments conforms to the theory of environmental risk perception. Firstly, the local social development level is the largest driving force accelerating risk perception behavior. Secondly, information channel also has significantly positive effect on public risk perception behavior. Finally, the harmful degree of haze has the least positive effect on people's risk perception behavior. This gives us enlightenment. The number of online comments does not reflect the harmful degree of haze in different regions. We suggest that online comments should not be the main reference factor for policymakers to make strategies.Iron oxide (FexOy) supported on porous nitrogen doped carbon is synthesized by a facile pyrolysis method. SiO2 and NaNO3 are used as the template and activation agent respectively for porous structure generation and large specific surface area (SSA) creation. The obtained materials show superior catalytic oxidation ability and can activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in a wide pH range (3-9) to degrade organic pollutants. The degradation process is a two-stage reaction, including a rapid initial decay and a following slow reaction stage. According to the free radical quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis, and electrochemical tests, the superoxide radical (O2-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are proved to play crucial roles in organics degradation. The high SSA (773 m2 g-1), abundant of structural defects, and synergistic effect between FexOy and the nitrogen doped carbon are the key factors for the enhanced activity. The catalysts in this study can be synthesized easily and contain no toxic metals, thus should have great potential in the wastewater remediation.With the banning of poly-brominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) have gained great development space as their alternatives. In this study, the concentration and partition of nine ordinary monomeric OPFRs and two emerging oligomeric OPFRs (Resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) in the Haihe Basin of China were studied, and their possible sources were analyzed. The ƩOPFRs in the surface water, sediments and suspended particulate matters (SPMs) in Haihe Basin were 80.1-777 ng/L, 18.9-86.5 ng/g dw and 6.40-234 ng/g dw, respectively. The detection frequencies of both oligomeric OPFRs exceeded 85%, suggesting their environmental contamination was widespread. The mean concentrations of RDP and BDP were 2.09 and 6.03 ng/L in the surface water, 0.91 and 5.09 ng/g dw in the sediments, 1.08 and 2.61 ng/g dw in SPMs, respectively. With Cl-OPFRs being predominant in all the three media, the proportions of alkyl-OPFRs, aryl-OPFRs, and oligomeric OPFRs in the sediments and SPMs were remarkably higher than those in surface water, suggesting that non-halogenated OPFRs preferred to distribute in solid phases. The water-sediment/SPM partition coefficients, logKoc, of the OPFRs were calculated based on the paired samples. The logKoc values of RDP and BDP were reported for the first time, and their logKoc water-sediment were 4.36 ± 0.47 and 4.76 ± 0.25 and their logKoc water-SPM were 3.77 ± 0.45 and 4.00 ± 0.47, respectively. The obtained logKoc values were correlated with their octanol-water partition coefficient (logKow) significantly. It suggested that their partition to sediment or SPM was dominated by hydrophobic interaction. Principal component analysis indicated that the emissions from manufacturing plants and airport operation might be two important sources of OPFRs in the Haihe Basin of China.
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