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SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation inside BV-2 Microglia.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Rivularia auriculata has a circular genome of 16,552 bp, which is comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes. The nucleotide composition of the light strand is 43.16% of A, 26.78% of T, 20.18% of C, and 9.88% of G. All genes are encoded on the heavy strand except seven tRNA genes (Met, Tyr, Cys, Trp, Gln, Gly, and Glu) on the light strand. All the protein-coding genes start with ATC initiation codon except ND4 starts with GTG, and two types of inferred termination codons are TAA and TAG. There are 26 intergenic spacers and 4 gene overlaps. It is indicated that R. auriculata has closer genetic relationship with Viviparus chui (88.64% nucleotide sequence identity between them) than the other snail species.Ligustrum quihoui is popular as landscape plants used as hedges in gardens. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of L. quihoui based on next-generation sequencing and used the data to assess genomic resources. The chloroplast genome of L. quihoui is 163,575 bp in length consisting of large and small single-copy regions of length 88,072 and 11,493 bp, separated by two IR regions of 32,005 bp. De novo assembly and annotation showed the presence of 115 unique genes with 81 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. A total of 62 perfect chloroplast simple sequence repeats were analyzed in the L. quihoui. A maximum-likelihood phylogenomic analysis showed that L. quihoui was sister to L. gracile.The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Conwentzia sinica Yang, 1974 was sequenced and analyzed. The sequenced mitogenome is 15,153 bp in size, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and one control region. Thirteen PCGs use ATN as the start codon. Most of PCGs terminate with TAA codons but ND5, ND4 with a single T residue, and ND3 terminates with TAG. The lrRNA gene is 1290 bp. The measured length of srRNA gene is 782 bp. Twenty-two tRNA genes possess the typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for tRNASer(AGN) . The phylogenetic result supports the monophyly of the family Coniopterygidae and a closer relationship between Conwentzia and Coniopteryx.In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the marbled eelpout, Lycodes raridens Taranetz & Andriashev, 1937 was sequenced using the primer walking method. The mitogenome was 16,569 bp in length and encoded with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one Non-Coding Region. The overall nucleotide composition of L. raridens is 25.5%, 25.3%, 18.7%, and 30.5% for A, T, G, and C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using the ML method showed that L. raridens was clustered into one branch with L. ygreknotatus and L. toyamensis.The dry root (Radix Fici Hirtae) of Ficus hirta has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Ling nan regions of China for a long time. As its large market demand, the wild resources of F. hirta have sharply reduced. It is necessary to conduct the study of conservation genetics. However, there is still lack of complete genome information for the research on evolutionary biology, population genetics and phylogeography of this species. Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (CP) genome of F. hirta using Next Generation Sequencing technology (NGS). The CP genome of F. hirta is 160,374 bp in length, which contains a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,446 bp, a small sing-copy (SSC) region of 18,134 bp, and two inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions of 26,897 bp. A total of 130 genes were successfully annotated containing 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis support genus Ficus is monophyletic and F. hirta is closely related to F. carica within this genus.Thunia alba (Lindley) H. G. Reichenbach is a wild ornamental orchid, and it is a rare plant species with small populations. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of T. alba was assembled using short reads produced by high-throughput sequencing technologies. The whole chloroplast genome was 159,948 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure, which consisted of a large single-copy (LSC), a small single-copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The sizes of LSC, SSC, and IR were 87,532, 18,852, and 26781 bp, with GC contents of 35.0%, 30.3%, and 43.2%, respectively. There were a total of 135 genes, which included 88 protein-coding genes, 8 rDNA genes, 38 tRNA genes, and a pseudogene. A phylogenetic tree was generated using the maximum-likelihood method, and the results revealed that T. alba was sister to Pleione bulbocodioides and Pleione formosana, with a support rate of 100%.Ardisia gigantifolia (Myrsinaceae) is a perennial shrub and widely distributed in Southeast Asia. It is well known for its medicinal values and has the potential for development of novel phytopharmaceuticals. Here, we first report and characterize its complete chloroplast genome based on Illumina paired-end sequencing data. The complete plastid genome was 156,216 bp, which contained inverted repeats (IR) of 26,047 bp separated by a large single-copy (LSC) and a small single-copy (SSC) regions of 85,725 bp and 18,397 bp, respectively. The cpDNA contains 134 genes, comprising 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 1 processed pseudogene. Agn-PC-0N3ahi The overall GC content of the plastome is 37.3%. The phylogenetic analysis of 17 selected chloroplast genomes demonstrated that A. gigantifolia is closely related to the congeneric A. polysticta.The present study reports, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Undinula vulgaris. The total mitogenome length of U. vulgaris was 15,303 bp with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 1 non-coding region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that U. vulgaris belonged to the same family. This is the second report of the complete mitogenome sequence of the family Calanidae.Recent sequencing technology helps analyze genome-level aberrance between wild species and highly domesticated cultivars by producing high-quality genomes. Herein, we established the complete chloroplast genome of Prunus dielsiana to lay a foundation in the future genetic comparison and modification. The chloroplast genome was 158,005 bp in length, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,012 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,121 bp, separated by two inverted repeat (IRs) regions of 26,436 bp. A total of 124 CDSs , 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes were found. The overall GC content was 36.70%, and GC percentages ranged from 30.20 to 42.53% throughout LSC, IRs, and SSC regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. dielsiana displayed a kinship to Prunus campanulata with the subsection Cerasus nested inside Prunus. This announcement of the P. dielsiana chloroplast genome sequence may provide insight into the interspecific natural hybridization in subg. Cerasus.
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