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Modification: Water-induced formation of the alkali-ion dimer in cryptomelane nanorods.
s, on the vein graft before the bypass is performed can prevent the loss of vein grafts due to thrombus, thereby reducing the mortality and morbidity of these patients.BACKGROUND Autonomic neuropathy (AN) commonly arises as a long-term complication in diabetes mellitus and can be diagnosed from heart rate variability (HRV), calculated from electrocardiogram recordings. Psychosocial stress also affects HRV and could be one of several confounders for cardiac AN. The present work investigated the impact of psychosocial stress on HRV in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and assessed the use of salivary cortisol as a biomarker for psychosocial stress in this context. METHODS A total of 167 individuals 6-60 years old (113 with T1DM and 54 healthy controls) underwent 24-hr ECG recordings with HRV analysis. Salivary cortisol was sampled thrice during the registration day. Perceived psychosocial stress along with other factors of possible importance for the interpretation of HRV was documented in a diary. RESULTS Heart rate variability (high-frequency power during sleep) was reduced (p less then .05) with older age, longer diabetes duration, higher mean glucose levels, physical inactivity, and perceived psychosocial stress. Salivary cortisol levels in the evening were increased (p less then .05) in women in ovulation phase, in individuals with preceding hypoglycemia or with hyperglycemia. The amplitude of salivary cortisol was reduced (p less then .05) with the presence of perceived psychosocial stress, but only in adult healthy controls, not in individuals with diabetes. CONCLUSION Psychosocial stress might be a confounder for reduced HRV when diagnosing cardiac AN in T1DM. Salivary cortisol is, however, not a useful biomarker for psychosocial stress in diabetes since the physiological stress of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia seems to overrule the effect of psychosocial stress on cortisol. © 2020 The Authors. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.OBJECTIVES To review 15-year trends in respiratory care of extremely preterm infants managed in a tertiary perinatal center; to identify the factors contributing to their evolution; and to determine whether these changes had an impact on infant mortality, severe morbidity, and growth. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of infants born at 23 to 26 weeks' gestation between 2003 and 2017. Changes in respiratory care were assessed in three 5-year periods. Logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with prolonged duration (ie, greater than the median) of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and overall respiratory support (ORS), and those associated with adequate weight and head circumference growth. RESULTS Of the 396 actively treated neonates, 268 (68%) survived to discharge. Between the first and third periods, IMV duration decreased from 22 (6-37) to 4 (1-14.0) days (P  less then  .001), that of NIV increased from 24 (14-34) to 56 (44-66) days (P  less then  .001), and that of ORS from 50 (34-68) to 63 (52-77) days (P  less then  .001). Study period (2003-2007 vs 2013-2017) was the main factor associated with prolonged IMV (P  less then  .001). Use of high-flow nasal cannula was the main factor associated with prolonged NIV (P = .02) and ORS (P = .02). NIV duration was associated with adequate postnatal weight (P = .003) and head circumference (P = .03) growth. Severe morbidities in survivors, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and survival at hospital discharge were comparable across the study periods. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory management was characterized by a marked reduction in IMV. NIV withdrawal protocols are necessary to limit ORS duration while respecting postnatal growth requirements. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Cutaneous leishmaniasis is commonly caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. In the present study, the differential expression of proteins was identified in the amastigote-like forms of L. tropica and L. major in Iranian isolates. Initially, the samples were cultured and identified using PCR-RFLP technique. The Leishmania isolates were then grown in host-free (axenic) culture and prepared to amastigote-like forms, followed by the extraction of their proteins. To identify significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of two types of Leishmania, the label-free quantitative proteomic technique was used based on sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry. A total of 51 up/down-DEPs (fold change >2 and p-value less then .05) were identified between the axenic amastigote forms of L. major and L. tropica. CP-456773 Of these, 34 and 17 proteins were up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Several enriched GO terms were identified via biological process analyses for DEPs; furthermore, the metabolic process and translation were disclosed as top category in the up-regulated proteins of both L. major and L. tropica species. Also, the KEGG analysis revealed carbon metabolism and metabolic pathways term as the top pathways in the proteins up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Taken together, the numerous novel DEPs identified between the studied species could help fully understand the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and provide potential drug targets and vaccine candidates. © 2020 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.BACKGROUND Asthmatic patients may benefit from exercise training, although the effects of a combined aerobic and resistance training program are still poorly investigated in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of a combined exercise training (resistance and aerobic) program on aerobic fitness, lung function, asthma control and quality of life in a group of mild-moderate asthmatic children with exercise symptoms. METHODS This was a 12-week randomized controlled trial including children and adolescents diagnosed with mild-moderate asthma and presenting exercise-induced symptoms. The intervention group (IG) performed the exercise training (resistance and aerobic) 3 days/week, for 60 minutes. The control group (CG) followed routine clinical orientations. The main outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lung function, quality of life, asthma control, and functional tests after 3 months of the intervention. RESULTS Fifty-three patients (IG = 25 and CG = 28) with a mean age of 11.
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