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In recent days, many emerging nations facing severe environmental pollution problems. In order to overcome the environmental problems, many new methods and strategies have been built and some advance sources of energies were also utilized in order to overcome such issues but by using such sources, many challenges were faced. In order to find best possible solutions of such issues, this paper was aimed to minimize the gap of research by examining the effect on economic development of energy expenditure and environmental pollution and by means of finding the casual relationship between them because it has been observed that with development of economy, environmental issues always increase. Effects of both traditional and modern energies was analyzed in this research. Several explanatory variables will be used Renewable energy consumption, CO2 emission, economic GDP. Environmental pollution will be taken as the mediating factor that influence this association between energy utilization as well as economic development. Present study was based on the economy of China. ARDL regression model was applied in this research to increase the time series econometrics when non-stationary value demonstrated the co-integration and it is also effective for both stationary and non-stationary time series. At the end, some advanced methods of production were discussed that can be used in this era of industry 4.0. By proper implementation of such processes, many economic and environmental benefits can be achieved.The accumulation of atrazine in sediments raises wide concern due to its potential negative effects on aquatic environments. Here we collected sediments and different submerged macrophytes to simulate natural shallow lakes and to measure atrazine levels and submerged macrophyte biomass. We determined gene expressions in submerged macrophytes treated with or without atrazine. We also examined atrazine concentrations and its metabolite structures in submerged macrophytes. When the initial concentration of atrazine in sediments ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 mg kg-1 dry weight (DW), atrazine levels in the pore water of the sediments ranged from 0.003 to 0.05 mg L-1 in 90 days. Dubermatinib Atrazine did not show obvious long-term effects on the biomass of Potamogeton crispus and Myriophyllum spicatum (P > 0.05). On day 90, gene expressions related to cell wall in P. crispus were changed by atrazine phytotoxicity. Moreover, the decrease in the number genes controlling light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins verified the toxic effects of atrazine on the photosynthesis of M. spicatum. Compared with unexposed plants on day 90, ribosome pathway was significantly enriched with differentially expressed genes after submerged macrophytes were exposed to 2.0 mg kg-1 DW atrazine (P 0.05). Once absorbed by submerged macrophytes, atrazine was degraded into 1-hydroxyisopropylatrazine, hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, didealkylatrazine, cyanuric acid, and biuret, and some of its metabolites could conjugate with organic acids, cysteinyl β-alanine, and glucose. This study establishes a foundation for aquatic ecological risk assessments and the phytoremediation of atrazine in sediments.To date, basin-scale understanding of nitrogen (N) cycling is lacking, which undermines riverine N pollution control efforts. Applying a multiple-isotopic approach, this study provided insights into the impacts of climate and anthropogenic activities on the N cycling at a basin scale. The isotopic compositions of the river water were regulated by a simple mixing process in winter, while unconservative processes (nitrification and denitrification) occurred in warm seasons. Denitrification dominated the N transformations in summer, while coupled nitrification-denitrification in soils after fertilization was responsible for the isotopic fractionations in spring and autumn. While at least 58.7% of the nitrate (NO3-) was removed from the basin, the NO3- loadings in the river remained high, suggesting that the ecosystem services could not balance the anthropogenic pollution. After correcting the isotopic fractionations, the sources of the riverine NO3- were quantified by a Markov chain Monte Carlo isotope mixing model. The contributions of point sources versus non-point sources changed dynamically with the precipitation and fertilization patterns. In summer and autumn, the soil organic N and chemical fertilizer dominated the riverine NO3-, with total contributions of 75.9% and 74.6%, respectively. The contributions from sewage and manure significantly increased during spring (47.9%) and winter (50.2%). Overall, the annual NO3- fluxes were from SON (28.7%), CF (28.1%), DS (18.2%), MA (23.9%), and AP (1.1%). In addition, we presented the large uncertainties in source apportionment that arose from the ignorance of isotope fractionations, highlighting the importance of considering the effect of isotopic fractionations in N source apportionment studies.
Convergence plays a fundamental role in the performance of near visual tasks. We measured the effect of two levels of convergence on anterior scleral thickness and shape in emmetropes, low to moderate myopes and high myopes.

Forty-five healthy young adults aged between 18 and 35 years including 15 emmetropes, 15 low/moderate myopes, and 15 high myopes were recruited. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography and eye surface profilometry were used to evaluate the anterior scleral thickness (nasal only, n=42) and shape (n=40), before and during two visual tasks involving 9° and 18° convergence, in those participants with complete and reliable data.

Convergence led to a thickening of the total anterior eye wall (5.9±1.4μm) and forward movement (10±2μm) of the nasal anterior scleral surface (both p<0.001). Larger changes were found at 18° than at 9° convergence and in more peripheral nasal scleral regions. There was a significant association between total wall thickening and forward movement of the scleral surface. Refractive group was not a significant main effect, but there were significant interactions between refractive group and the thickness changes with convergence in different scleral regions.

During convergence, the biomechanical forces acting on the eye lead to nasal anterior scleral thickening and forward movement of the nasal scleral surface.
During convergence, the biomechanical forces acting on the eye lead to nasal anterior scleral thickening and forward movement of the nasal scleral surface.
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