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Variable-order fraxel master equation as well as clustering regarding allergens: non-uniform lysosome submitting.
BACKGROUND Chest computed tomography (CT) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is sensitive in detecting early airways disease. The pressure-controlled CT-protocol combines a total lung capacity scan (TLC PC-CT) with a near functional residual capacity scan (FRC PC-CT) under general anesthesia, while another CT-protocol is acquired during free breathing (FB-CT) near functional residual capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity in detecting airways disease of both protocols in two cohorts. METHODS Routine PC-CTs (Princess Margaret Children's Hospital) and FB-CTs (Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital) were retrospectively collected from CF children aged 2 to 6 years. Total airways disease (%disease), bronchiectasis (%Bx), and low attenuation regions (%LAR) were scored on CTs using the Perth-Rotterdam annotated grid morphometric analysis-CF method. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for differences between TLC and FRC PC-CTs and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for differences between FRC PC-CTs and FB-CTs. RESULTS Fifty patients with PC-CTs (21 male, aged 2.5-5.5 years) and 42 patients with FB-CTs (26 male, aged 2.3-6.8 years) were included. %Disease was higher on TLC PC-CTs compared with FRC PC-CTs (median 4.51 vs 2.49; P  less then  .001). %Disease and %Bx were not significantly different between TLC PC-CTs and FB-CTs (median 4.51% vs 3.75%; P = .143 and 0.52% vs 0.57%; P = .849). %Disease, %Bx, and %LAR were not significantly different between FRC PC-CTs and FB-CTs (median 2.49% vs 3.75%; P = .055, 0.54% vs 0.57%; P = .797, and 2.49% vs 1.53%; P = .448). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FRC PC-CTs are less sensitive than TLC PC-CTs and that FB-CTs have similar sensitivity to PC-CTs in detecting lung disease. FB-CTs seem to be a viable alternative for PC-CTs to track CF lung disease in young patients with CF. © 2020 The Authors. Pediatric Pulmonology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), amikacin is the alternative for the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations associated with pathogens resistant to tobramycin. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) models of amikacin in adult patients with CF have been previously published. However, current dosing recommendations remain disputed (Illamola et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018;57(10)1217-1228). We perform here the first external evaluation of a published amikacin adult CF population PK model and propose a dosing nomogram for initial dosing. METHODS We retrospectively collected demographic, biological, and clinical data from the medical records of adult patients who had received intravenous amikacin. To assess the predictive performance of this model we applied visual comparison of predictions to observations, calculation of bias and inaccuracy, and simulation-based diagnostics. Monte Carlo simulations from the evaluated model were used to compare maximum concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration achieved with different dosing regimens. RESULTS A total of 91 concentrations from 19 adult patients with CF were collected for external evaluation. The model predicted amikacin concentrations with reasonable bias (7.2% [95% confidence interval, CI -0.7% to 15.0%]) and inaccuracy (18.2% [95% CI 12.0%-24.4%]). Our simulations with this model suggest that administered amikacin doses must be adjusted to creatinine clearance and also adjusted to body weight (doses from 20 to 45 mg/kg/d). According to these simulations, we developed the Montreal amikacin nomogram to optimize amikacin dosing regimens in patients with CF. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we developed the first nomogram to optimize initial amikacin dosing regimens in patients with CF based on this external evaluation of a recently published amikacin population PK model. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The synthesis and characterization of six triarylisocyanurates, featuring 2,7-fluorenyl or 9,10-anthracenyl groups incorporated in their peripheral arms are reported. Photophysical studies reveal that these new octupolar derivatives are more fluorescent (ΦF ≥0.60 for all new compounds except for 1,3,5-tri(9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione 3) and present a red-shifted lowest absorption and emission compared to their known phenyl analogues of comparable size. Depending on the nature of the terminal substituent, fast intramolecular energy transfer among the three arms or localization of the excitation on a single branch occurs after population of their first singlet excited state. The latter effect was only observed in the presence of strongly electron-releasing substituents in polar media. These new chromophores are also better two-photon absorbers than the 1,4-phenylene-based isocyanurates reported so far, with cross sections σ2 ≥500 GM at 770 nm for 4-NPh2 the fluorenyl group containing (13) and the anthracenyl group containing (14) chromophores. selleck screening library All these spectroscopic features, analyzed with the help of quantum chemical calculations, are crucial for the design of new biphotonic fluorescent dyes. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVE To compare performance and cardiorespiratory responses in field tests performed by healthy children, with and without the use of a portable gas analyzer (PGA), and to analyze the reproducibility of the tests. METHOD The study included healthy children aged 6 to 14 years old. The sample was divided into children who underwent field tests (modified shuttle walk test [MSWT], 6-minute walk test [6MWT], and ADL-Glittre for pediatrics [TGlittre-P]) without PGA (GS) and children who carried the equipment K4b2 -COSMED, Rome, Italy (GK). RESULTS A total of 120 children participated in the study, 31 in the GK (mean age 10.16 ± 1.81 years old) and 89 in GS (mean age 10.1 ± 1.79 years old). The groups did not differ from each other and there was no significant difference in the performance of the 6MWT and MSWT intergroup (P > .05), but the significant alteration in the variables of the cardiorespiratory response was identified. In the TGlittre-P, the GK completed the test in a shorter time than the GS (2.69 ± 0.
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