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Moreover, pretreatment baseline VFI and GRNFL were not significantly associated with rapid and significant improvement in visual acuity. Age was significantly associated with rapid and significant improvement in visual acuity of the injected eyes. CONCLUSION The period between onset and treatment, and pretreatment baseline BCVA may be important predictors of rapid and significant improvement in visual acuity in patients with LHON after gene therapy. © 2020 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Many scientists are concerned that academic research has become too conservative. It is not a lack of money but a confluence of factors that prevent support for innovative, long-term research projects. © 2020 The Author.OBJECTIVE In patients with obesity, it was determined what proportion had an arm slant angle (SA)  less then  83° and which measure best predicted arm conicity. Patient experience with noninvasive blood pressure measurement was evaluated. METHODS Arm SA was calculated from arm measurements. Linear regression determined whether BMI, weight, or right midarm circumference (MAC) best predicted conicity. Patient experiences were evaluated by survey and conventional content analysis of free-text comments. RESULTS One hundred participants had a median (interquartile range; range) BMI of 44.1 (39.1-53.1; 31.1-80.8). Thirty-three (33%) had a right arm SA  less then  83°. Seven (7%) had a right MAC outside the recommended range. BMI, weight, and the right MAC showed low correlation with and explained little of the variation (with age and sex adjustment) in right arm SA (r = -0.29, -0.27, -0.31; P = 0.003, 0.007, 0.002; R2  = 0.09, 0.08, 0.10). Forty-two (42%) reported noninvasive blood pressure measurement caused severe pain, and 30 (30%) reported skin damage. Themes identified in free-text responses were "problems with equipment," "feelings and experiences," and "concerns about accuracy." CONCLUSIONS Current equipment is inadequate for patients with obesity based on MAC and conicity. Pain and skin damage contributed to negative experiences of these patients. © 2020 The Obesity Society.CONTEXT Receptive anal intercourse (RAI), which has become increasingly common among U.S. heterosexual women, is associated with STDs, including HIV, when it is unprotected and coercive. Childhood traumatic experiences may increase sexual risk behavior, but the relationship between childhood trauma and RAI among women has not been examined. METHODS Data from 4,876 female participants in Waves 1 (1994-1995), 3 (2001-2002) and 4 (2007-2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to examine associations between nine self-reported childhood traumas (neglect; emotional, physical and sexual abuse; parental binge drinking and incarceration; and witnessing, being threatened with and experiencing violence) and RAI during adulthood using modified Poisson regression analysis. Whether depression, low self-esteem, drug use, relationship characteristics or sex trade involvement mediated the relationship between trauma and RAI was also explored. RESULTS Forty percent of the sample reported having engaged in receptive anal intercourse. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, eight of the nine childhood traumas were associated with increased risk of RAI (adjusted prevalence ratios, 1.2-1.5); the strongest association was with experience of violence. this website Each unit increase in the number of traumas yielded a 16% increase in RAI prevalence. In mediation analyses, only drug use and relationship factors slightly attenuated the association between childhood trauma and RAI (1.2 for each). CONCLUSIONS Women with a history of childhood trauma may be at increased risk of engaging in RAI, highlighting the importance of screening and trauma-informed education in sexual health settings. Pathways linking childhood trauma and RAI among women are complex and warrant further research. Copyright © 2020 by the Guttmacher Institute.BACKGROUND A genetic variant within the FSHB gene can deviate FSH action on spermatogenesis. The c.-211G > T FSHB single nucleotide polymorphism impacts FSHB transcription and biosynthesis due to interference with the LHX3 transcription factor binding. This SNP was previously shown to be strongly associated with lowered testicular volume, reduced sperm counts and decreased FSH levels in patients carrying one or two T-alleles. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of the SNP FSHB c.-211G > T on Sertoli cell (SC) number, Sertoli cell workload (SCWL) and thereby spermatogenic potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS Testicular biopsies of 31 azoospermic, homozygous T patients (26 non-obstructive (NOA), and 5 obstructive azoospermia (OA)) were matched to patients with GG genotype. Marker proteins for SC (SOX9), spermatogonia (MAGE A4) and round spermatids (CREM) were used for semi-automatically quantification by immunofluorescence. SCWL (number of germ cells served by one SC) was determined and an unbiased clustering on the patient groups performed. RESULTS Quantification of SC number in NOA patients did not yield significant differences when stratified by FSHB genotype. SC numbers are also not significantly different between FSHB genotypes for the OA patient group and between NOA and OA groups. SCWL in the NOA patient cohort is significantly reduced when compared to the OA control patients, however, in neither group an effect of the genotype could be observed. The cluster analysis of the whole study cohort yielded two groups only, namely NOA and OA, and no clustering according to the FSHB genotype. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The FSHB c.-211G > T polymorphism does not affect SC numbers or SCWL, thereby in principle maintaining the spermatogenic potential. The previously observed clinical phenotype for the FSHB genotype might therefore be caused by a hypo-stimulated spermatogenesis and not due to a decreased SC number. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Screening and management of group B streptococcus (GBS) bacteriuria in pregnancy aims to reduce the incidence of pyelonephritis and GBS-related neonatal morbidity and mortality. Universal screening and management of GBS bacteriuria in pregnancy are standards of care in the United States; however, some women may decline guideline-based recommendations for screening, treatment, or intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. This article uses a case study approach to discuss evidence-based, patient-centered care for GBS bacteriuria in pregnancy as well as ethical incorporation of individual patient preferences and values. © 2020 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.
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