Notes

Non-invasive prenatal testing advising a mother's metastasizing cancer: What do we explain to the objective parents inside The kingdom?
8% during follow-up (∼4.6% per year). The burden of AF and the duration of longest episode demonstrated a significant positive correlation to each other but not CHA
DS
-VASc score. Importantly, although the CHA
DS
-VASc score was predictive of stroke/TIA, neither burden nor duration was associated with stroke/TIA.

Among patients with CIED-detected AF not receiving OAC, the amount of AF (measured by either burden or duration) does not seem to significantly impact stroke risk, whereas CHA
DS
-VASc score does. These data suggest that among patients with CIED-detected AF, once AF occurs, stroke risk seems to be predominantly driven by underlying risk factors.
Among patients with CIED-detected AF not receiving OAC, the amount of AF (measured by either burden or duration) does not seem to significantly impact stroke risk, whereas CHA2DS2-VASc score does. These data suggest that among patients with CIED-detected AF, once AF occurs, stroke risk seems to be predominantly driven by underlying risk factors.In vector control, it is widely accepted that killing adult mosquitoes would sharply reduce the proportion of old mosquitoes and cause the greatest changes to malaria transmission. The principle is based on a mathematical model of the sporozoite rate (the proportion of infective mosquitoes) that emphasized changes in mosquito age. Selleckchem 17-DMAG Killing adult mosquitoes also reduces mosquito population densities, which are directly proportional to human biting rates (the number of bites, per person, per day). Eect sizes of vector control can be compared using sporozoite rates and human biting rates, which are commonly measured. We argue that human biting rates convey more use- ful information for planning, monitoring and evaluating vector control, and operational research should focus on understanding mosquito ecology.Athletes, sponsors and sport organisations all have a vested interest in upholding the values of clean sport. Despite the considerable and concerted efforts of the global anti-doping system over two decades, the present system is imperfect. Capitalising upon consequent frustrations of athletes, event organisers and sponsors, alternative anti-doping systems have emerged outside the global regulatory framework. The operating principles of these systems raise several concerns, notably including accountability, legitimacy and fairness to athletes. In this paper, we scrutinise the Clean Protocol™, which is the most comprehensive alternative system, for its shortcomings through detailed analysis of its alleged logical and scientific merits. Specifically, we draw the attention of the anti-doping community - including researchers and practitioners - to the potential pitfalls of using assessment tools beyond the scope for which they have been validated, and implementing new approaches without validation. Further, we argue that whilst protecting clean sport is critically important to all stakeholders, protocols that put athletes in disadvantageous positions and/or pose risks to their professional and personal lives lack legitimacy. We criticise the use of anti-doping data and scientific research out of context, and highlight unintended harms that are likely to arise from the widespread implementation of such protocols in parallel with - or in place of - the existing global anti-doping framework.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic strains the medical system, limiting access to healthcare services. Many people use cannabis medically for chronic health conditions and as a substitute for other medications. As such, changes in cannabis access associated with COVID-19 may result in increased non-cannabis drug use.

We recruited N=353 individuals through Amazon Mechanical Turk who reported current medical cannabis use in April and May of 2020. We assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of medication and substance use, as well as on cannabis use patterns.

Over half of participants either started using or increased use of medications or substances because of the COVID-19 pandemic, most commonly alcohol and sleep aids. Over a third of participants increased cannabis use while 25% decreased cannabis use. Approximately 40% of participants who increased or started use of medications/substances (other than cannabis) reported doing so because of changed access to medical cannabis.

The reported increase in drug use among people using medical cannabis is concerning. Because the pandemic will likely continue for months (or even years), having a better understanding of why this is occurring is critical for developing effective harm-reduction strategies in this population.
The reported increase in drug use among people using medical cannabis is concerning. Because the pandemic will likely continue for months (or even years), having a better understanding of why this is occurring is critical for developing effective harm-reduction strategies in this population.In the freezing waters of the Southern Ocean, Antarctic teleost fish, the Notothenioidei, have developed unique adaptations to cope with cold, including, at the extreme, the loss of hemoglobin in icefish. As a consequence, icefish are thought to be the most vulnerable of the Antarctic fish species to ongoing ocean warming. Some icefish also fail to express myoglobin but all appear to retain neuroglobin, cytoglobin-1, cytoglobin-2, and globin-X. Despite the lack of the inducible heat shock response, Antarctic notothenioid fish are endowed with physiological plasticity to partially compensate for environmental changes, as shown by numerous physiological and genomic/transcriptomic studies over the last decade. However, the regulatory mechanisms that determine temperature/oxygen-induced changes in gene expression remain largely unexplored in these species. Proteins such as globins are susceptible to environmental changes in oxygen levels and temperature, thus playing important roles in mediating Antarctic fish adaptations. In this study, we sequenced the full-length transcripts of myoglobin, neuroglobin, cytoglobin-1, cytoglobin-2, and globin-X from the Antarctic red-blooded notothenioid Trematomus bernacchii and the white-blooded icefish Chionodraco hamatus and evaluated transcripts levels after exposure to high temperature and low oxygen levels. Basal levels of globins are similar in the two species and both stressors affect the expression of Antarctic fish globins in brain, retina and gills. Temperature up-regulates globin expression more effectively in white-blooded than in red-blooded fish while hypoxia strongly up-regulates globins in red-blooded fish, particularly in the gills. These results suggest globins function as regulators of temperature and hypoxia tolerance. This study provides the first insights into globin transcriptional changes in Antarctic fish.
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