Notes

Any Cold weather Skin Style for Comparing Contact Skin Temp Receptors and Assessing Measurement Blunders.
Several investigators have suggested the presence of a link between Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) and lower limbs kinematics that can contribute to functional limitations and disability. Moreover, CLBP has been connected to postural and structural asymmetry. Understanding the movement pattern of lower extremities and its asymmetry during walking can provide a basis for examination and rehabilitation in people with CLBP. The present study focuses on lower limbs kinematics in individuals with CLBP during walking. Three-dimensional movements of the pelvic, hip, knee and ankle joints were tracked using a seven-camera Qualysis motion capture system. Functional dada analysis (FDA) was applied for the statistical analysis of pelvic and lower limbs motion patterns in 40 participants (20 CLBP and 20 controls). The CLBP group showed significantly different hip motion pattern in the transvers plane, altered knee and ankle motion pattern in the sagittal plane on the dominant side and different hip motion pattern in the transvers and frontal planes on the non-dominant side in comparison with the control group over the stance phase. In terms of symmetry, in the CLBP group, hip and knee moved through a significantly different motion patterns in the transvers plane on the dominant side in comparison with the non-dominant side. SB202190 In the control group, knee moved through a significantly different motion pattern in the transvers plane on the dominant side in comparison with the non-dominant side. In conclusion, low back pain lead to altered movement patterns of the main joints of lower limbs especially on the dominant side during stance phase. Therefore, care should be taken to examine dominant lower limb movement pattern in CLBP to make a better clinical decision. Characterizing antimicrobial use in animal populations is critical for purposes of antimicrobial stewardship. While dose-based metrics such as the animal daily dose (ADD) are typically used for such purposes, duration of therapy is emerging as a critical and more intuitive metric. In theory, the number of ADDs should approximate the number of days of therapy (DOTs), but no studies have examined whether this is the case. The objective of this study was to compare antimicrobial ADDs with antimicrobial DOTs in three populations canine patients, large animal hospital patients, and dairy herds. In the first two populations, dose-based metrics were calculated using administrative hospital records while duration-based metrics were ascertained from manual chart review of individual animals. In the dairy herds, both metrics were obtained via farmer self-report. We found that the correlation between the number of ADDs and DOTs was poor for hospital patients (Lin correlation coefficients of 0.16 and 0.18 for small and lable proxy for the duration of therapy. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the steadiness of incisal bite force during isometric contractions of masticatory muscles. DESIGN Two separate experiments were carried out in 11 healthy young women. A first experiment was performed to test the reliability of our protocol for measurement of incisal bite force steadiness. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the steadiness of incisal bite force at four submaximal (i.e., percentage of maximum voluntary contraction, MVC) levels (5 %MVC, 10 %MVC, 15 %MVC, and 20 %MVC), along with the bilateral myoelectric activity of two masticatory muscles (temporalis and masseter). RESULTS The results from the first experiment showed that our protocol is substantially reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.80) for estimating force variability and moderate reliable (0.60 less then ICC less then 0.80) for estimating spectral properties of force signals. In the second experiment, we found that force standard deviation (SD) increased proportionally to the power of mean force, and coefficient of variation (CoV) was higher at low-intensity contractions and maintained at an approximately constant level for high-intensity contractions. The force-EMG relationships were linear for both muscles at the contraction intensities evaluated in the study (5 %MVC to 20 %MVC), and the median frequency did not change with contraction intensity. CONCLUSION Therefore, we presented a reliable method to estimate the incisal bite force, along with additional data on force control and myoelectric activity of jaw elevator muscles during isometric steady contractions. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of xylitol chewing gums enriched with propolis, remineralizing softly demineralized dentin in vitro. DESIGN Four groups of chewing gum were developed; Group1 xylitol (1.8 %), Group2 xylitol + casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (3%), Group3 xylitol+Hydroxyapatite (3%) and Group4 xylitol + propolis (5%). A control group was designed without chewing gum, but with artificial saliva. Sections of embedded crowns and cleaned roots of twenty five bovine incisors were demineralized in carbonated drink. Crown specimens were half-varnished. Remineralization process was run for all the dental specimens in the 4 groups with gum extracts and in the control group with artificial saliva for 20 min at 37 °C three times a day during 7 days. Mineral contents were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX-SEM). Surface morphology and roughness were analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Micro-hardness was measured using Vickers micro-hardness tester among varnished and unvarnished sides. RESULTS Calcium/Phosphate mean ratio showed a significant decrease between the control group, group1, group2 and group4. Control group and group3 were not significantly different. Micro-hardness increased significantly for all treated groups. AFM showed obstruction of dentinal tubules in all the groups and roughness decreased in the treated side of the dentin compared to the untreated side for tested groups. CONCLUSION Xylitol chewing gum enriched with propolis showed dentinal tubules occlusion, significant improvement of micro-hardness and slight decrease in roughness. Ca/P ratio analysis suggests that a mineral compound other than hydroxyapatite is responsible of tubules occlusion.
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