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Women's education and learning and need for more children in Vietnam: local distinctions and also the position involving boy preference.
Distinct symptom subtypes are found in patients with OSA. The association between these subtypes and neurocognitive function is unclear.

The purposes of this study were to assess whether OSA symptom subtypes are present in a cohort of Canadian patients with suspected OSA and evaluate the relationship between subtypes and neurocognitive function.

Patients with suspected OSA who completed a symptom questionnaire and underwent testing for OSA were included. Symptom subtypes were identified using latent class analysis. Associations between subtypes and neurocognitive outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT], Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS-IV], Digit-Symbol Coding subtest [DSC]) were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for relevant covariates.

Four symptom subtypes were identified in patients with OSA (oxygen desaturation index ≥5 events/hour). Three were similar to prior studies, including the Excessively Sleepy (N=405), Dismultiple instruments.
With the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak there has been concern that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who develop COVID-19 may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality than patients without OSA. COVID-19 is associated with an increased mortality in the elderly and particularly those with obesity, hypertension and diabetes, features which are typically seen in patients with OSA. This article describes the COVID-19 environment in New York City in which patients were evaluated and treated for OSA.

A telephone questionnaire survey of 112 OSA patients determined the occurrence of COVID-19 in the sleep apnea population and the patients' perspective on sleep apnea Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) management during the COVID-19 outbreak. The three main objectives of the survey were as follows (1) To discover how patients were coping with COVID-19 pandemic in terms of their sleep apnea and PAP use, (2) To determine whether PAP usage changed after the onset of the outbreak in terms of adherence, and (3) To find out if patients were concerned about whether they were at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their sleep apnea and, if they became infected, whether COVID-19 might result in greater complications because of the presence of sleep apnea.

The adjustment in clinical management of OSA patients is described both during the peak of the outbreak in New York State (NYS), as well as the proposed modifications that will be instituted in order to return to full sleep center activities.
The adjustment in clinical management of OSA patients is described both during the peak of the outbreak in New York State (NYS), as well as the proposed modifications that will be instituted in order to return to full sleep center activities.
Due to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease outbreak, social distancing measures were imposed to control the spread of the pandemic. However, isolation may affect negatively the psychological well-being and impair sleep quality. Our aim was to evaluate the sleep quality of respiratory patients during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

All patients who underwent a telemedicine appointment from March 30 to April 30 of 2020 were asked to participate in the survey. Sleep difficulties were measured using Jenkins Sleep Scale.

The study population consisted of 365 patients (mean age 63.9 years, 55.6% male, 50.1% with sleep-disordered breathing [SDB]). During the lockdown, 78.9% of participants were confined at home without working. Most patients (69.6%) reported at least one sleep difficulty and frequent awakenings was the most prevalent problem. Reporting at least one sleep difficulty was associated with home confinement without working, female gender and diagnosed or suspected SDB, after adjustment formprove sleep quality.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), however prevalence in obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is not known. This study sought to compare prevalence of CKD in OHS and equally obese OSA patients with comparable apnoea hypopnoea indexes (AHI), and secondarily examine the impact of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on CKD parameters.

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and spot urine protein creatinine ratio (PCR) were obtained in patients with OHS (Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO2>45mmHg) and OSA (AHI>20 events per hour, PaCO2<45mmHg) with a body mass index (BMI)>40kg/m
. Samples were obtained at baseline and after three months of PAP in both groups.

Patients with OHS (n=15, PaCO2 49mmHg; daytime oxygen saturation, SpO2 94%; total sleep time with SpO2<90%, T90 308min) and OSA (n=36, PaCO2 40mmHg, SpO2 96%, T90 140min) were recruited. Stage 1-3 kidney function was present in 7 (46%) and 8 (22%) patients with OHS and OSA respectively (p=0.08). Mean PCR was higher in OHS than OSA (23±29 v 10±6mg/mmol; p=0.03), while the prevalence of proteinuria was not different (40% v 19%, p=0.19). Proteinuria was not significantly altered by three months of PAP. Moderate associations were demonstrated between eGFR, PaCO2, awake SpO2 and/or HbA1c (r>0.5, p<0.05) in OHS.

The prevalence of CKD, primarily early-stage with proteinuria, is at least as frequent in OHS as it is in OSA, if not worse. Markers of CKD were not significantly impacted by PAP therapy.
The prevalence of CKD, primarily early-stage with proteinuria, is at least as frequent in OHS as it is in OSA, if not worse. Markers of CKD were not significantly impacted by PAP therapy.
Bright light (BL) exposure is a safe non-pharmacological intervention for sleep disturbances. However, the functional brain correlates underlying the effects of bright light exposure need to be further clarified. As alterations in the salience network were reported in individuals with sleep disturbances, we have investigated whether bright light exposure may improve sleep quality by altering functional connectivity in this network.

In the current study, 30 individuals with sleep disturbances were randomly assigned to one of the two interventions for two weeks (1) 1h of bright light (10,000 lux) exposure (BL-exposed group) and (2) 1h of dim light (<300 lux) exposure (DL-exposed group). selleck Sleep characteristics and functional connectivity in the salience network were assessed by sleep diary and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, as outcome measures at before and after the intervention.

After two weeks of the intervention, the BL-exposed group showed greater improvement with respect to sleep efficiency (t=2.
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