Notes

Lack of regulating ability within Treg tissues subsequent rhinovirus contamination.
2 log reduction in the TDF group (
= 0.029). Proportion of patients with undetectable HBV DNA (75.7% vs 87.5%), ALT normalization (89.2% Vs 87.5%), HBsAg negativity (25% vs 28.1%), and seroconversion (2.8% vs 3.1%) at 1year were almost similar in both groups with
value>0.05 for all efficacy end points. There was no HBVR-related mortality in any group.

Both ETV and tenofovir are very effective in the treatment of HBVR and reduce the liver-related mortality and morbidity in such patients.
Both ETV and tenofovir are very effective in the treatment of HBVR and reduce the liver-related mortality and morbidity in such patients.
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are expected to improve outcomes for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplantation (LT). We aim to evaluate trends in post-LT outcomes with availability of DAAs.

We retrospectively evaluated USadults transplanted from January 1, 2002, to March 31, 2018, using the United Network for Organ Sharing Registry, stratified by pre-DAA (January 1, 2002- to December 31, 2013) vs. post-DAA (January 1, 2014-, to March 31, 2018) eras. selleck inhibitor Adjusted multivariate Cox regression analyses and competing risk models evaluated likelihood of graft failure, death, and retransplantation (re-LT).

Among 97,147 patients, 30.2% had HCV infection and 19.4% had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of all patients, 31.9% experienced graft failure, 27.1% died after LT, and 4.7% underwent re-LT. The post-DAA era experienced lower likelihood of graft failure (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, p<0.001). Although patients with HCV infection (HR = 1.18, p < 0.001) and HCC (HR = 1.11, p &ltdisparity disappeared in the post-DAA era independently of each other. This likely reflects impact of DAAs on improving post-LT outcomes among patients with HCV infection and improved selection of patients with HCC for LT after 2014.
Adipocytokines, especially leptin is involved in a wide spectrum of proinflammatory functions, in various tissues. This study was carried out to assess the role of serum leptin in autoimmune hepatitis.

Serum leptin was analyzed in treatment naïve autoimmune hepatitis (AIH, n= 48) patients and compared with the primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n= 16), chronic hepatitis C (CHC, n= 16) and healthy controls (n= 15). Serum leptin correlation was assessed on liver function tests, disease activity, T regulatory cells (Tregs), and Th17cells in the liver biopsies and on steroid treatment response in AIH.

Serum leptin was higher in AIH than in PBC, CHC, and HC AIH 335 (106.2-580), PBC 126 (52-381.2), CH 67 (3.7-133.5) and HC 66 (40-157.5) ng/ml;
= 0.001. In AIH cases; serum leptin correlated with hepatic activity index (r= 0.896;
< 0.001); serum transaminases (aspartate aminotransferases (AST)= 0.615,
< 0.001, alanine aminotransferases (ALT)= 0.551,
< 0.001). It had inverse correlation with Treg cells (
=-0.711,
< 0.001) and positively correlated with Th17cells (r=0.650,
< 0.001) in the liver biopsy tissue. High serum leptin was found to be associated with steroid partial or nonresponsiveness at 4 weeks (
= 0.002).

Serum leptin is indicative of higher AIH activity and a reduced number of Tregs cells in liver biopsy tissue. Leptin negative cases have more chances of steroid responsiveness and could help in the selection of AIH cases for appropriate therapy.
Serum leptin is indicative of higher AIH activity and a reduced number of Tregs cells in liver biopsy tissue. Leptin negative cases have more chances of steroid responsiveness and could help in the selection of AIH cases for appropriate therapy.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a standard treatment for small inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies on mid- and long-term outcome of RFA as first-line therapy for HCC from India are limited.

We evaluated consecutive HCC patients who underwent RFA as primary treatment modality at our institute between July 2009 and April 2016. The median follow-up period was 26 months, range 1-84 months. We evaluated post-RFA tumor response, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and local tumor progression (LTP). Prognostic factors were also analyzed.

In 147 patients (malefemale=12126; mean age, 59.2 years), 209 RFA sessions were done for 228 lesions (mean size of 21.5±8.3mm, range 10-50mm). Primary success rate was 94.2%. The estimated cumulative proportion survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 90.2%, 63.8%, and 60.2%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of LTP estimated at 1, 3, and 5 years was 13.1%, 19.7%, and 20.1%, respectively. The mean estimate of LTP-free survival was 53.6 months (95% confidence interval 0.49-0.58) which is 58.2 months in <3cm lesions and 20.4 months in >3cm lesions (
<0.01). There was no significant difference in LTP rates between lesions in perivascular versus nonperivascular location (
= 0.71) and surface versus parenchymal lesions (
= 0.66). The mean DFS was 30.3 months (95% CI 25.6-35.0). For OS, age and Child-Turcotte-Pugh class B were significant factors while for LTP, tumor size >3cm was significant. Higher baseline alpha-fetoprotein level and LTP were poor predictors for DFS. Complication rate per RFA session was 7/209 (3.3%).

RFA is a safe and effective curative modality for first-line treatment of HCC<3cm.
RFA is a safe and effective curative modality for first-line treatment of HCC less then 3 cm.
Telemedicine between health care providers could be useful for improving the access to hepatology consultations, which is challenging in some regions. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of consultations that were resolved through a telemedicine program. Additionally, we evaluated patient satisfaction with this strategy.

Consecutive telemedicine consultations made by non-hepatologist health care providers from different regions of Argentina to a specialty hepatology team were included. Participants and hepatologists used e-mail, teleconference systems, WhatsApp, or telephone to interact, depending on their preferences. Consultations were considered to be resolved through telemedicine when a diagnosis and an adequate follow-up were achieved without the need to refer the patient to a hepatologist or other specialist. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine was evaluated using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form and Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire.

A total of 200 telemedicine consultations made by 24 physicians from 10 different provinces of Argentina were evaluated, of which 145 (73%; 95% CI 66%-79%) were resolved through telemedicine.
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