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1% (100/103) of women delivered at 0-2cm cervical dilatation, whereas the scar was located at or below the internal cervical os in 97.7% (42/43) of cases delivered at 8-10cm cervical dilatation (p less then 0.001). Uterine scar defects (niches) were observed in 38.1% (64/168) of women with the scar above compared to 17.9% (43/239) with the scar at or below the internal cervical os (p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION Pre-labour and early labour Caesarean birth is associated with an increased prevalence of a scar in the uterine cavity as well as a scar niche. Caesarean birth in late labour resulted in positioning of the uterine scar in the endocervical canal and fewer scar niches. Positioning and integrity of the uterine scar after pre-labour and early labour Caesarean birth explains the predisposition to abnormal placental invasion in subsequent pregnancy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Appendiceal mucocele is a relatively rare macroscopic lesion that may be either benign or malignant, often progressing to peritoneal pseudomyxoma. Preoperative diagnosis of primary appendiceal carcinoma is often difficult, and correct diagnoses are rarely made. Cases of peritoneal pseudomyxoma have been reported in which peritoneal seeding is suspected by ascites cytology, suggesting the existence of cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic almost all European countries are adopting mass quarantine or isolation measures as a public health strategy to limit the spread of the contagion. Italy, as the first European country to be deeply affected by such pandemic, is currently approaching the fourth week of total lockdown, with restrictive measures on the population and profound challenge for the national health-care system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The optimization of three-dimensional (3D) MXene-based electrodes with desired electrochemical performances is highly demanded. Here, we report a precursor-guided strategy for fabricating 3D SnS/MXene architecture with tiny SnS nanocrystals (~ 5 nm in size) covalently decorated on wrinkled Ti3C2Tx nanosheets via Ti-S bonds (denoted as SnS/Ti3C2Tx-O). The formation of Ti-S bonds between SnS and Ti3C2Tx was confirmed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Rather than bulky SnS plates decorated on Ti3C2Tx (SnS/Ti3C2Tx-H) by one-step hydrothermal sulfidation followed by post annealing, our SnS/Ti3C2Tx-O presents size-dependent structural and dynamic properties. The as-formed 3D hierarchical structure can provide short ion-diffusion pathways and electron transport distance because of more accessible surface sites. In addition, benefiting from the tiny SnS nanocrystals that can effectively improve Na+ diffusion and suppress structural variation upon charge/discharge processes, our as-obtained SnS/Ti3C2Tx-O can generate pseudocapacitance-dominated storage behavior enabled by engineered surface reactions. As predicted, this electrode exhibits enhanced Na storage capacity of 565 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 75 cycles, outperforming SnS/Ti3C2Tx-H (336 mAh g-1), SnS (212 mAh g-1) and Ti3C2Tx (104 mAh g-1) electrodes. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The dual stimuli-controlled release of doxorubicin from gel-embedded nanoparticles is reported. CC-122 mw Non-cytotoxic polymer nanoparticles are formed from poly(ethylene glycol)- b -poly(benzyl glutamate) that, uniquely, contain a central ester link. This connection renders the nanoparticles pH-responsive, enabling extensive doxorubicin release in acidic solutions (pH 6.5), but not in solutions of physiological pH (pH 7.4). Doxorubicin loaded nanoparticles were found to be stable for at least 31 days and lethal against the three breast cancer cell lines tested. Furthermore, doxorubicin loaded nanoparticles could be incorporated within a thermoresponsive poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) gel depot, which forms immediately upon injection of poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) in DMSO solution into aqueous solution. The combination of the poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) gel and poly(ethylene glycol)- b -poly(benzyl glutamate) nanoparticles yields an injectable doxorubicin delivery system that facilities near-complete drug release when maintained at elevated temperatures (37 °C) in acidic solution (pH 6.5). In contrast, negligible payload release occurs when the material is stored at room temperature in non-acidic solution (pH 7.4). The system has great potential as a vehicle for the prolonged, site-specific, release of chemotherapeutics. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. Half of the deaths of patients with RA are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), considered to be 1.5-2.0 fold that in the general population. Patients with RA also experience poor sleep, which by itself is associated with endothelial dysfunction, CVD events and sudden death. OUR AIM was to study the mechanistic pathways and the correlations between sleep efficiency and vascular reactivity of patients with RA. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective study that evaluated quality of sleep using ACTi Graphs, vascular inflammation and endothelial function of 18 patients with RA. Inflammation was studied by levels of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and NO in serum. Endothelial function was studied using the brachial artery plethysmography method. 18 RA patients (aged 57.56±13.55 years; 16 women) with a long standing active RA 8 patients had impaired sleep efficiency and 10 had a good sleep efficiency. Those who had an impaired sleep had larger baseline diameters of the brachial artery (0.39±0.08 cm vs. 0.32±0.04 cm; p=0.02). Negative correlations were found between baseline brachial artery diameter and sleep efficiency (p=0.01), and with NO level (p=0.04). Stepwise regression found that brachial artery diameter at baseline and NO level could predict sleep efficiency (r2 =0.543, p=0.01). CONCLUSION Vascular reactivity could predict quality of sleep in patients with RA. Quality of sleep may serve as an independent CVD risk factor in patients with RA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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