Notes

Genotype/Phenotype Friendships and Beginning steps To Focused Remedy with regard to Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Deficit Affliction.
Reduced frequency resolution yielded poorer thresholds for both masker types. Reduced temporal resolution did so for noise maskers only. Results suggest that processing resolution strongly influences estimates of IM and implies that current approaches to predicting masked speech intelligibility should be modified to account for IM.Source separation is an important step to study signals that are not easy or possible to record individually. Common methods such as deep clustering, however, cannot be applied to signals of an unknown number of sources and/or signals that overlap in time and/or frequency-a common problem in bioacoustic recordings. This work presents an approach, using a supervised learning framework, to parse individual sources from a spectrogram of a mixture that contains a variable number of overlapping sources. This method isolates individual sources in the time-frequency domain using only one function but in two separate steps, one for the detection of the number of sources and corresponding bounding boxes, and a second step for the segmentation in which masks of individual sounds are extracted. This approach handles the full separation of overlapping sources in both time and frequency using deep neural networks in an applicable manner to other tasks such as bird audio detection. This paper presents method and reports on its performance to parse individual bat signals from recordings containing hundreds of overlapping bat echolocation signals. This method can be extended to other bioacoustic recordings with a variable number of sources and signals that overlap in time and/or frequency.The quality of a sonar array's localization capabilities, often expressed as directivity, is limited by the sonar's aperture, that is, the length of the sonar array. Previous attempts to improve directivity, without increasing array size, have been moderately successful. Wave scattering within a nontraditional array, such as an array fabricated from a non-homogeneous material, could provide additional information to the localization calculations and improve array directivity without increasing the size of the array. An investigation of array directivity improvement through wave scattering is performed. This paper modifies existing localization and directivity calculations to consider the scattered waves and uses the derived equations to explain why previous proposed scattering was incapable of increasing directivity. A scattering relationship capable of enhancing array localization without increasing array size is proposed, and the directivity improvement claims are verified with beamform plot comparisons and directivity index calculations.Dielectric elastomer membranes are soft electro-active materials capable of large deformations. When inflated over a cavity, the membrane radiates sound and can therefore be used as a loudspeaker. This type of device has been studied both experimentally and numerically. However, most studies on the dynamics of dielectric elastomer membranes either focus on the very low frequency behavior to analyse viscosity effects for example, or try to maximise the overall radiated sound pressure level. Here the mid-frequency range is analysed in detail, by setting up a fully coupled finite element model of an inflated dielectric elastomer membrane. Electrostatics, vibro-acoustics, free-field radiation, and pre-stressed linear dynamics are solved together, to find the fluid loaded resonance modes. The dynamics of the membrane and the sound radiation are then computed using this resonance mode basis. Perfectly matched layers are used to implement the Sommerfeld radiation boundary condition. The model is validated by a comparison with measurements of the pressure radiated by a prototype, and predicts accurately the radiated pressure and the directivity. This model should therefore help the development of optimized dielectric elastomer loudspeakers, with improved frequency responses and directivity.Little information exists on endocrine responses to noise exposure in marine mammals. HHTinhibitor In the present study, cortisol, aldosterone, and epinephrine levels were measured in 30 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) before and after exposure to simulated U.S. Navy mid-frequency sonar signals (3250-3450 Hz). Control and exposure sessions, each consisting of ten trials, were performed sequentially with each dolphin. While swimming across the experimental enclosure during exposure trials, each dolphin received a single 1-s exposure with received sound pressure levels (SPLs, dB re 1 μPa) of 115, 130, 145, 160, 175, or 185 dB. Blood samples were collected through behaviorally conditioned, voluntary participation of the dolphins approximately one week prior to, immediately following, and approximately one week after exposure were analyzed for hormones via radioimmunoassay. Aldosterone was below detection limits in all samples. Neither cortisol nor epinephrine showed a consistent relationship with received SPL, even though dolphins abandoned trained behaviors after exposure to the highest SPLs and the severity of behavioral changes scaled with SPL. It remains unclear if dolphins interpret high-level anthropogenic sound as stressful, annoying, or threatening and whether behavioral responses to sound can be equated to a physiological (endocrine) response.Over a decade after the Cook Inlet beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) was listed as endangered in 2008, the population has shown no sign of recovery. Lack of ecological knowledge limits the understanding of, and ability to manage, potential threats impeding recovery of this declining population. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, in partnership with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, initiated a passive acoustics monitoring program in 2017 to investigate beluga seasonal occurrence by deploying a series of passive acoustic moorings. Data have been processed with semi-automated tonal detectors followed by time intensive manual validation. To reduce this labor intensive and time-consuming process, in addition to increasing the accuracy of classification results, the authors constructed an ensembled deep learning convolutional neural network model to classify beluga detections as true or false. Using a 0.5 threshold, the final model achieves 96.57% precision and 92.26% recall on testing dataset.
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