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New high-performance photocatalytic materials are required to effectively treat water pollution. The effect of annealing temperature on the photocatalytic activities of tin dioxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles is investigated in this work. SnO₂ nanoparticles are prepared via a hydrothermal method and annealing at various temperatures ranging from as-prepared to 900 °C. The size of SnO₂ nanoparticles increases from 4 nm to 10 nm with an increase in annealing temperature. The photocatalytic properties of these nanoparticles are evaluated through the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight. Photocatalytic activities decrease significantly with an increase in annealing temperature due to an increase in size and a decrease in the surface area of SnO₂ nanoparticles.We successfully synthesized ZnSe nanoparticles (NPs) by using a hydrothermal method. Careful analyses of X-ray diffraction pattern and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images showed that the synthesized ZnSe NPs with the size of ˜100 nm and sphere-like morphology crystallized in the zincblende/cubic structure (the F-43m space group). This was also confirmed based upon characteristic vibration modes recorded by using Raman scattering spectroscopy. The study on room-temperature absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra proved ZnSe NPs having high crystal quality with the band gap energy Eg≈2.63 eV at 300 K and excitonic emission peaked at ˜2.64 eV (469 nm). Particularly, as studying temperature-dependent PL spectra, we found the shift of the emission peak towards lower energies while the PL intensity decreased when temperature increased from 15 to 300 K. The PL spectral parameters were analyzed by using the Arrhenius and Varshni laws.Magnetic magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles with average sizes of 5.11, 10.53, and 14.76 nm were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method. The surface area of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (average size of 5.11 nm) had the largest value of 167 m²/g. The adsorption capacity for removing arsenic (As(V)) from water at 3 ppm concentration was investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results showed that the As(V) adsorption capacity of Fe₃O₄ was dependent on particle size. The maximum absorption efficiency (Hmax) reached 99.02%, the equilibrium time was 30 min; the maximum Langmuir isotherm adsorption capacity was 14.46 mg/g with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle an average size of 5 nm. The results indicate that reducing the size of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is a promised way for As(V) ion removal from water and wastewater treatment.Silver nanoparticles were eco-friendly synthesized at room temperature via a Tollens process modified with the stepwise method using eco-friendly precursors (citric acid and acetic acid). The field emission scanning electron spectroscopy was used to study the morphology of silver nanoparticles. The mean size of silver nanoparticles and the components of products were theoretically determined using UV-Vis and X-ray Diffraction spectra. The mole ratio between the silver ion, citric acid and the buffer acid solution (acetic acid) strongly influences the mean size and the composition of the product. The appearance of acetic acid in the buffer acid solution helped increase the efficiency of silver nanoparticles preparation. With the mole ratio n[Ag+]ncitricnacetic = 1.02.52.5, the highest preparation efficiency was obtained, the silver nanoparticles had an average dimension of ˜11 nm and narrow size distribution. The silver nanoparticles were dispersed into different solvents to examine their applicability to silver ink. The silver ink using propylene glycol solvent showed good applicability to silver ink which could work at room temperature.In this work, a mixture of mill scale with 5 wt% molasses as binder was pressed under pressure of 200 MPa to prepare briquettes. The reduction process was performed at the temperature of 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150 and 1200 °C in the bed of A3 fine coal as the reductant. The degree of reduction was evaluated at time duration of 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 150 minutes, after the furnace temperature reached the predetermined reduction temperature. The highest reduction degree is 94.7% at the reduction process temperature of 1200 °C. Reaction rate constant (k) increased from 4.63×10-4 to 5.03×10-3 min-1 when the temperature increased from 1000 to 1200 °C. The apparent activation energy of the reduction reaction (Ea) is about 95.6 kJ/mole.In this work, we investigated the influence of concentration of the additional micro-sized particles of Dy40Nd30Al30 and Nd40Cu30Al30 on magnetic properties of the sintered Nd16.5Fe77B6.5 magnets. The additional particles with size in the range of 1-3 μm were prepared by ball milling method and then mixed into micrometer Nd16.5Fe77B6.5 master powder with different weight fractions before magnetic anisotropic pressing, vacuum sintering and annealing. The results show that the coercivity of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets can be improved considerably by introducing additional particles to the grain boundaries. The improvement of the coercivity Hc of the magnets is clearly dependent on the composition and concentration of the additional microparticles. The Hc increases linearly from 8.5 kOe to 17 kOe with increasing the weight fraction of the Dy40Nd30Al30 microparticles from 0 to 5%. Meanwhile, the coercivity of the magnet reaches a maximum value of 11.7 kOe with 4 wt% addition of Nd40Cu30Al30. The quite high maximum energy products, (BH)max > 30 MGOe, were also obtained for the magnets added with the microparticles. PI3K inhibitor The obtained hard magnetic parameters of the magnets can be applied in practice.In this work, we investigated magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in Fe90-xCo x Zr7Cu1B₂ (x = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) melt-spun ribbons. The ribbons were prepared by using a melt-spinning method with a tangential velocity of a copper wheel of 40 m·s-1. The obtained ribbons are almost amorphous. The alloys exhibit typical soft magnetic behavior with low coercivity at room temperature. A minor replacement of Fe by Co gives an increment in Curie temperature (TC) of the alloys to higher temperatures. The TC of the alloys increases from 242 to 342 K with an increase of x from 0 to 4. Maximum magnetic entropy change, ΔSmmax, of the alloys, was found to be larger than 0.7 J·kg-1·K-1 in a magnetic field change ΔH of 12 kOe for all the concentrations of Co. High refrigerant capacitys (RC >100 J ·kg-1 with ΔH = 12 kOe) at room temperature region have been obtained for the alloys. The large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature suggests that the alloys can be considered as magnetic refrigerants in the range of 250-350 K.
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