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Combined SEGMENTATION Involving MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Skin lesions AND BRAIN Body structure Inside MRI Verification OF ANY Compare AND RESOLUTION Using CNNs.
In this study the use of a particle filter algorithm to monitor Corynebacterium glutamicum fed-batch bioprocesses with uncertain raw material input composition is shown. The designed monitoring system consists of a dynamic model describing biomass growth on spent sulfite liquor. Based on particle filtering, model simulations are aligned with continuously and noninvasively measured carbon evolution and oxygen uptake rates, giving an estimate of the most probable culture state. Applied on two validation experiments, culture states were accurately estimated during batch and fed-batch operations with root mean square errors below 1.1 g L-1 for biomass, 0.6 g L-1 for multiple substrate concentrations and 0.01 g g-1 h-1 for biomass specific substrate uptake rates. Additionally, upon fed-batch start uncertain feedstock concentrations were corrected by the estimator without the need of any additional measurements. This provides a solid basis towards a more robust operation of bioprocesses utilizing lignocellulosic side streams.Lignocellulosic waste has offered a cost-effective and food security-wise substrate for the generation of biofuels and value-added products. APX-115 nmr Here, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses were performed for Serratia sp. AXJ-M. The results showed that strain AXJ-M contained a high proportion of strain-specific genes related to carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, the genetic basis of strain AXJ-M for efficient degradation of cellulose was identified. Cellulase activity tests revealed strong cellulose degradation ability and cellulase activities in strain AXJ-M. mRNA expression indicated that GH1, GH3 and GH8 might determine the strain's cellulose degradation ability. The SWISS-MODEL and Ramachandran Plot were used to predict and evaluate the 3D structure, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) were used to analyze the cellulose degradation products. Further research is needed to elucidate the cellulose degradation mechanism and to develop industrial applications for lignocellulosic biomass degradation and waste management.Nanoparticle (NP) use can increase biological activity and adversely impact the environment. This study was the first to quantify biogas increases with NP mixtures during continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) of poultry litter and NP uptake in crops through tracking 1) CH4 and H2S production from a NP mixture (Fe, Ni, and Co) in 30 L continuous digester (AD1) for 278 days compared to a control digester (AD2) without NP addition, 2) NP degradation during digestion, 3) using AD effluent with and without NP addition as a fertilizer, and 4) plant uptake of NPs. With NP inclusion, CH4 production increased by 23.7%, and H2S was reduced by 56.3%. The AD1 effluent had 1,160-19,400% higher NP concentrations and the lettuce biomass had 21.0-1,920% more NPs than lettuce fertilized with the AD2 effluent. This study showed that the effects of NPs remaining in the AD effluent must be considered.In this study, a rapid detection method based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy was proposed for measuring the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in corn stover. In the basis of strategies of variable selection, feature extraction and nonlinear modeling, BiPLS-PCA-SVM was constructed using backward interval partial least squares combined with principal component analysis and support vector machine, which was used to improve the performance of spectral regression calibration model. For BiPLS-PCA-SVM model, the determination coefficients, root mean squared error and residual predictive deviation for the validation set were 0.906, 0.900% and 3.213 for cellulose; 0.987, 0.797% and 9.071 for hemicellulose; and 0.936, 0.264% and 4.024 for lignin, correspondingly. The results indicate that near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy combined with BiPLS-PCA-SVM can provide a reliable alternative strategy to detect contents of lignocellulosic components for pretreated corn stover in the anaerobic digestion process.Biomethanation of CO2 has been proven to be a feasible way to produce methane with the employment of H2 as electron source. Subject of the present study is a custom-made membrane biofilm reactor for hydrogenotrophic methanation by archaeal biofilms cultivated on membrane surfaces. Reactor layout was adapted to allow for in situ biofilm analysis via optical coherence tomography. At a feeding ratio of H2/CO2 of 3.6, and despite the low membrane surface to reactor volume ratio of 57.9 m2 m-3, the maximum methane production per reactor volume reached up to 1.17 Nm3 m-3 d-1 at a methane content of the produced gas above 97% (v/v). These results demonstrate that the concept of membrane bound biofilms enables improved mass transfer by delivering substrate gases directly to the biofilm, thus, rendering the bottleneck of low solubility of hydrogen in water less drastic.This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect and microbial community changes between chicken manure (CM) and cardboard (CB) during anaerobic co-digestion. Meanwhile, the energy balance of biogas engineering was extrapolated based on the batch tests. In batch tests, co-digestion system achieved the highest improvement (14.2%) and produced 319.62 mL CH4/gVS with a 6535 ratio of CB CM. More extracellular polymeric substance secretion promoted the electron transfer for acidogenesis and more hydrolase was provided with 31.6% improvement. The microbial analysis illustrated that higher acetoclastic Methanosaeta abundance was achieved, leading to 211% enhancement of acetoclastic pathway. Moreover, associated network illustrated that the higher methane production was mainly achieved through matching of hydrolytic bacteria and acidogenesis bacteria. As for energy balance, the synergistic effect increased the energy output by 38% and energy recovery to 46.4%.This study prepared sewage sludge, a municipal solid waste, into a biochar modified by hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a new and efficient absorbent (HAP-SSBC) for removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution. Adsorption experiment revealed that HAP-SSBC exhibited significantly higher adsorption performance than raw sludge-based biochar (SSBC). At 298.15 K, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and Cd2+ via Langmuir model were 89.98 and 114.68 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption kinetic experiment revealed that chemisorption was the main reaction. Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) further confirmed that the main mechanisms were ion exchange with Ca2+, complexion by -OH and -COOH, and forming Cu-π or Cd-π binding with aromatic CC on HAP-SSBC surface. Overall, combing HAP and SSBC to be a new adsorbent is beneficial to the resource utilization of sludge and shows a good prospect for heavy metal removal in aqueous solution.
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