Notes

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Chronic pain was associated with lower satisfaction with life and greater depressive symptoms at both 2- and 5-year follow-up. Sleep apnea was associated with lower satisfaction with life and greater depressive symptoms at 5-year follow-up. Rheumatoid arthritis was associated with lower satisfaction with life and lower levels of perceived improvement in health and well-being at the 5-year follow-up. Implications Results suggest that medical comorbidities may have a cumulative impact on adverse psychological health outcomes in chronic stages of TBI. This study further highlights the complexity of patients with TBI and the importance of identifying medical comorbidities as they provide potential targets for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Purpose/Objective To describe the psychometrics and utility of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and provide suggestions for clinical usage and future research. Research Method/Design Thirty studies examining aspects of the NSI, published between 1995 and 2020, were reviewed. Results The NSI is a 22-item self-report questionnaire of neurobehavioral symptoms. The NSI was first published in 1995 and has since been adopted by the Department of Defense and Department of Veterans affairs for traumatic brain injury (TBI) research and clinical evaluation. Most research on the NSI has been conducted in veteran and military samples with predominantly mild TBI. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .81 to .96 for the total score and exceeded .80 for most scales. Test-retest values ranged from .78 to .94 for the total score and ranged from .52 to .91 for subscales. Item content overlaps with psychiatric disorders and is expectedly correlated with psychiatric measures and emotional distress. Although consensus about its factor structure is lacking, the 3- and 4-factor solutions have been replicated and have the strongest support. Subsequent researchers have published reliable change indices, embedded validity indices, and normative data using civilian and military samples. Conclusions/Implications The NSI has acceptable reliability and some evidence supporting its validity in measuring neurobehavioral symptoms. Although not intended to diagnose TBI, the NSI has value for clinicians and researchers in characterizing the presence and severity of symptom complaints and tracking symptomatic change in persons with TBI. Zanubrutinib ic50 (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Although performance validity tests (PVTs) are an integral element of neuropsychological assessment, most PVTs have historically been restricted to the memory domain. The Dot Counting Test (DCT) is a nonmemory PVT shown to reliably identify invalid performance. Although several traditional and abbreviated scoring methods have been derived, no study to date has directly compared the available scoring approaches within a single sample. This cross-sectional study cross-validated 4 different DCT scoring approaches, including the traditional rounded E-score proposed within the manual, an unrounded E-score, and 2 abbreviated scoring procedures based on 4- and 6-card versions (DCT-4 and DCT-6, respectively) in a diverse mixed clinical neuropsychiatric sample (N = 132). Validity groups were established by 5 independent criterion PVTs (102 valid and 30 invalid). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses yielded significant areas under the curve (AUCs = .84-.86) for the overall sample, with sensitivities of 50%-67% at ≥ 89% specificity. The DCT scores had outstanding classification accuracy (AUCs ≥ .92; sensitivities = 80%-83%) in the unimpaired group and excellent classification accuracy in the impaired group (AUCs = .79-.81; sensitivities = 43%-60%). Whereas negligible differences emerged between the 4 scoring methods for the cognitively intact group, the DCT-4 showed notably stronger psychometric properties among the overall sample in general and the mild cognitive impairment group in particular. Results corroborate previous findings suggesting that the DCT is a robust PVT, regardless of the employed scoring procedure, and replicate support for the abbreviated DCT-4 as the recommended validity indicator. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This study examined the factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity of scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a tool for screening children's psychological adjustment. Data were collected from a community sample of 346 children (46% girls, M age = 54.07 months), using teacher, mother, and father reports. Results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the SDQ's hypothesized 5-factor structure fit the data well and partial strict measurement invariance was established across raters. Using teachers' reports as reference method, a correlated trait-correlated method minus 1 model (Eid et al., 2008) was fitted to investigate convergent and discriminant validity. The convergent validity of parents' ratings relative to teachers' ratings was modest. Mothers and fathers had a unique perspective on children's behavior above and beyond their partial overlap with teacher reports. Results indicated good discriminant validity between most of the traits measured by the SDQ. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The Treatment Utility of Clinical Assessment (TUCA) has long been a controversial topic, with arguably more (strong) opinions than relevant, well-designed empirical research. We argue that this question has been tackled too broadly and that a more contextualized approach would likely be more informative. Instead of asking "what is the treatment utility of assessment," we suggest specifying and examining more closely the conditions by which assessment can-or cannot-contribute to treatment process and ultimately patient benefit. To this end, we present a heuristic model for conceptualizing the conditions under which clinical assessment may have treatment utility and illustrate its use by distinguishing four specific classes of assessment-driven interventions. We distinguish direct benefits from assessment from indirect TUCA as two principal pathways, emphasize the importance of having some a priori theory regarding working mechanisms, and stress the requirements of ensuring adequate variability of the presumed mediating variables.
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