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STOKIOMETRI ( KONSEP MOL )
1 [L=6,02 x 1023] Hitunglah jumlah partikel dari :
a) 0,6 mol gas SO2
b) 28 gram besi ( Fe)
c) 6,72 liter gas NO2 dalam keadaan STP
Ar S=32 ,N=14 , O=16,Fe=56
PEMBAHASAN :
a) 0,6 mol gas SO2
→ 0,6 x 6,02 x 1023 = 3,612 x 1023 molekul SO2
b) 28 gram Besi (Fe)
→ Mol Fe= Massa Fe : mm = 28 gram : 56 = 0,5 mol
Jumlah partikel Fe = 0,5 x 6,02 x 1023 = 3,01 x 102
c) 6,72 liter gas NO2
→ Mol NO2 = Volume NO2 : 22,4 = 0,3 mol
Jumlah partikel NO2 = 0,3 x 6,02 x 1023 = 1,806 x 1023
2 Hitunglah massa dari :
a) 1,5 mol Na2O
b) 3,01 x 1024 atom Ni
c) 8,96 liter gas SO3 STP
d) 16 liter gas NO2 diukur pada keadaan 8 liter gas CO2 massanya 11 gram
Ar Na = 23 , S=32 , Ni=59, N=14,C=12 , O= 16
PEMBAHASAN :
a) 1,5 mol Na2O
→ Massa = mol x mm
= 1,5 x (23 (2) + 16)
=1,5 x 62
=93 gram
b) 3,01 x 1024 atom Ni
→Mol = 3,01 x 1024 : 6,02 x 1023
= 5 mol
Massa = mol x mm
= 5 mol x 59
=295 gram
c) 8,96 liter gas SO3 STP
→Mol =8,96 liter : 22,4 liter = 0,4 mol
Massa = mol x mm
=0,4 x 80
= 32 gram


d) 16 liter gas NO2 diukur pada keadaan 8 liter gas CO2 massanya 11 gram
→Mol NO2 : Mol CO2 = Volume NO2 : Volume CO2
Massa NO2 / 46 : 11gram / 44 = 16 : 8
Massa NO2 / 46 x 4 / 1 = 2 / 1
4 Massa NO2 = 2 x 46
Massa NO2 = 92 / 4
Massa NO2 = 23 gram
3 Hitunglah volume dari :
a) 0,8 mol gas C3H8 STP
b) 1,204 x 1023 molekul gas NH3 STP
c) 23 gram gas NO2 STP
d) 7,5 gram gas C2H6 diukur pada keadaan 40 gram gas SO3 volumnya 12 L
PEMBAHASAN :
a) 0,8 mol gas C3H8 STP
→V = 0,8 x 22,4 L = 17,92 L
b) 1,204 x 1023 molekul gas NH3 STP
→mol = 1,204 x 1023 : 6,02 x 1023 = 0,2 mol
V = 0,2 x 22,4 L = 4,48 L
c) 23 gram gas NO2 STP
→ Mol NO2 = Massa NO2 : mm = 23 : 46 = 0,5 mol
V = 0,5 x 22,4 L = 11,2 L
d) 7,5 gram gas C2H6 diukur pada keadaan 40 gram gas SO3 volumnya 12 L
→Massa C2H6 / Mr C2H6 : Massa SO3 / Mr SO3 = Volume C2H6 : Volume SO3
7,5 gram / 30 : 40 gram / 80 = Volume C2H6 : 12 L
7,5 gram / 30 : 2 gram / 1 = Volume C2H6 : 12 L
Volume C2H6 = 7,5 gram x 2 gram x 12 L / 30
Volume C2H6 = 6 L
4 Suatu senyawa organik sebanyak 66 gram tersusun oleh 36 gram karbon,6 gram hidrogen dan sisanya oksigen . Jika Mr = 88 , Ar H = 1 , C=12 , dan O=16, tentukan :
a) Rumus Empiris (RE)
b) Rumus Molekul (RM)
PEMBAHASAN
Massa O = Massa senyawa organik – (Massa C + Massa H)
= 66 – 42 = 24 gram
Mol C : Mol H : Mol O
36/12 : 6/1 : 24/16
3/1 : 6/1 : 3/2
6 : 12 : 3
2 : 4 : 1

RE = C2H4O
RM = (C2H4O)n = Mr
= (C2H4O)n = 88
= (24+4+16)n = 88
= 44n = 88
= n = 2
RM : (C2H4O)n
: (C2H4O)2
: C4H8O2
5. Sebanyak 5,6 gram besi (Fe) direaksikan dengan 150 mL larutan HNO3 2M sesuai reaksi sebagai berikut : Fe(s) + 2 HNO3 → Fe(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g). Tentukanlah :
a) Pereaksi Pembatas (PP)
b) Zat apakah yang tersisa dan berapakah massanya
c) Massa Fe(NO3)2 yang terbentuk
d) Volume gas H2 yang terbentuk diukur pada STP
Ar H=1 Fe=56 N=14 O=16
PEMBAHASAN :
Mol Fe = Massa : mm = 5,6 / 56 = 0,1 mol
Mol HNO3 = M x L = 2 x 0,15 = 0,3 mol
Fe(s) + 2 HNO3 → Fe(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)
a) Pereaksi Pembatas (PP)
Fe = mol / koef = 0,1 / 1 = 0,1
HNO3 = mol / koef = 0,3 / 2 = 0,15
PP = Fe (diambil yang sedikit/ cepat habis)
Fe(s) + 2 HNO3 → Fe(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)
Mula : 0,1 0,3 - -
Reaksi: 0,1 0,2 + 0,1 0,1 -
Sisa : 0 0,1 0,1 0,1
b) Zat yang tersisa dan massanya
HNO3 , Massa = 0,1 x 63 = 6,3 gram
c) Massa Fe(NO3)2 yang terbentuk
Massa = 0,1 x 180 = 18 gram
d) Volum gas H2 yang terbentuk
Volume H2 = mol x 22,4 L = 0,1 x 22,4 = 2,24
     
 
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