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A common strategy for evaluation of extremity fractures is the "joint above and below" (JAB) radiograph approach, which includes dedicated imaging of the joint proximal and distal to a fracture independent of clinical suspicion for an injury involving the joint. The incidence of concomitant ipsilateral lower-extremity fractures or dislocations associated with lower-extremity long bone fractures in children has not been commonly reported and represents an evidential gap for determining a radiograph approach. Our purpose was to determine the frequency of and risk factors for concomitant ipsilateral lower-extremity fractures or dislocations.
A retrospective study of children aged 1 to 17 years treated at an academic medical center emergency department from 2015 to 2018 with any fracture involving the tibia, fibula, or femur. Children with pathologic fractures, transferred from another facility, and/or designated as a level I trauma were excluded. The primary outcome was the prevalence of a concomitant bony itional injuries in children with lower-extremity injuries resulting from a "high-risk" mechanisms, its overall yield is low. To provide safe, cost-effective care, providers should continue to value clinical suspicion, history, and physical examination findings to guide selection of radiographs in those with lower-extremity long bone fractures as significant fractures can typically be identified with limited imaging in patients with low-risk injury mechanisms.
To see what the impact of introducing a rapid polymerase chain reaction-based influenza test has on length of stay (LOS) in emergency department, use of imaging, serum or urine testing, antibiotic use, and antiviral use.
Audit of electronic medical health records was performed for all emergency department visits from 2014 to 2018 between November and March, which was defined as peak flu season. Patients were included if they were between 3 months and 18 years of age, presented during peak flu season, and were tested for influenza. The pre-point of care (POC) period was defined as November through March of 2014 to 2017 which was compared with the post-POC group which was defined as November through March of 2017 to 2018.
Patients tested for influenza in the pre-POC period were more likely to have complete blood count testing (44.7% vs 25.6% P < 0.01), more likely to have blood cultures performed (30% vs 16.3%, P < 0.01), more likely to have urine testing performed (21.5% vs 12.2%, P < 0.01), and more likely to have a chest radiograph completed (47.5% vs 34.4%, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in rates of antibiotics used. There was increased rates of oseltamivir used in the post-POC period (21.2% vs 13.3%, P < 0.05. The median LOS decreased from 239 minutes in the pre-POC period to 232 minutes in the post-POC period (P < 0.05).
With the introduction of a polymerase chain reaction-based point-of-care influenza test, there were overall decreased rates of invasive blood work, urine studies, and imaging, and median LOS. There was also increased antiviral administration.
With the introduction of a polymerase chain reaction-based point-of-care influenza test, there were overall decreased rates of invasive blood work, urine studies, and imaging, and median LOS. There was also increased antiviral administration.
The objective of this study was to estimate the width, height, and depth of the femoral vein (FV) and internal jugular vein (IJV), both sites of potential central line placement in children, using point-of-care ultrasound.
This was a prospective observational study. Point-of-care ultrasound was used to measure the width, height, and depth of the right FV and IJV in 100 children. The primary outcome was a comparison of the widths of the FV and the IJV in the same child. Our primary hypothesis was that the IJV would be wider than the FV. Secondary outcome measures included comparison of the heights and depths the FV and IJV and description of vessel overlap frequency between the 2 sites.
A total of 106 children were enrolled, with 6 subjects excluded, and equally divided into 5 age groups (0-30 days, 1-24 months, 2-5 years, 6-11 years, and 12-17 years). The FV/IJV width ratios (95% confidence interval) by age were 0.58 (0.49-0.68), 0.53 (0.43-0.66), 0.57 (0.49-0.67), 0.68 (0.55-0.85), and 0.73 (0.62-0.85), all P < 0.002. The FV/IJV height ratios were <1 in all age groups, with P < 0.003 in the 4 youngest age groups. The FV/IJV depth ratios were >1 in 6 to 11 years (P = 0.018) and 12 to 17 years (P < 0.001).
The IJV was significantly wider and taller than the FV in the same child in all age groups. The FV was significantly deeper than the IJV in children 6 years and older. This supports the use of the IJV as a potential site when placing ultrasound-guided central lines in children.
The IJV was significantly wider and taller than the FV in the same child in all age groups. see more The FV was significantly deeper than the IJV in children 6 years and older. This supports the use of the IJV as a potential site when placing ultrasound-guided central lines in children.
Pediatric Early Warning Scores (PEWS) are an easy-to-use diagnostic tool for patient evaluation. The goal of this study was to determine if using PEWS in our pediatric emergency department (PED) at the time of admission to the hospital was associated with a decrease in the number of emergency response calls within 6 hours of admission.
A retrospective chart review of 6 months before (May 2013-October 2013) and after (December 2013-May 2014) initiation of PEWS upon inpatient admission from our urban, tertiary care PED was conducted to determine the number of patients who had emergency response calls within 6 hours of admission.
The percentage of patients admitted from the PED who required an emergency response call within 6 hours of admission dropped from 1.77% in the 6 months before assigning PEWS to 0.79% in the 6 months after, a 55% reduction (P = 0.0070).
Assigning PEWS to patients being admitted to our hospital from the PED was associated with a reduced number of emergency response calls in the period immediately after admission.
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