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Body mass index along with in-hospital fatality rate in individuals with severe exacerbation involving idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
9%. Participants on simultaneous anticholinergic agents (P less then 0.001), a twice-daily antipsychotic dosing interval (P less then 0.001,) alcohol use (P = 0.02), antidepressant use (P = 0.02) and a current episode of schizophrenia on the MINI (P less then 0.001) were more likely to be on an APP regimen. Conclusion Although a preference for SGA monotherapy was observed, the prevalence of APP remained high. Clinicians, therefore, should be cautious regarding the clinical utility of APP and discourage its persistent use.Introduction Longitudinal outcome studies based on incident and predominantly neuroleptic-naïve cases of schizophrenia are uncommon in the modern literature. Aims To determine the proportion of persons with schizophrenia with different levels of clinical and functional outcome at monthly intervals of naturalistic treatment follow-up for 4 months response, remission and recovery; and to examine the predictors of outcome. Subjects and Methods Consecutive incident cases that fulfilled stringent criteria for schizophrenia were recruited into the study. After a baseline assessment, 160 incident cases of schizophrenia were followed up 4-weekly for indicators of symptomatic and functional outcome for 16 weeks. Standard rating scales were used to assess clinical and functional outcome. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were evaluated as predictors of outcome using multiple regression analysis. Results The attrition rate at week 16 was 29.4%; hence, 113 subjects (out of 160) were available for assessment at the end of follow-up. Of the 113, 66.4%, by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), met criteria for response (i.e., >50% reduction), while 20.3% could be judged to be clinically non-responsive to treatment (i.e., less then 20% decrease). Also, 60.2%, by BPRS, met the criteria for remission, while 44.5% met the criteria for recovery. The most important predictor, at week 16, of clinical and psychosocial outcome was social support (48.7%-51.8% of variance). Conclusion Although as a preliminary report, the present findings are hypothesis-generating, the implication of the results is that, as a group, over a 4-month period of modern hospital treatment, schizophrenia patients who were incident cases progressively experienced significant reduction in psychopathology. The findings, therefore, support earlier international cross-cultural reports of relatively good clinical outcome from developing countries, thereby encouraging the idea of treatment optimism in schizophrenia in Africa.Background Haemorrhoids are common anorectal conditions seen in surgical practice, with various treatment modalities. This study compared the short-term outcome of injection sclerotherapy with 50% dextrose in water and rubber band ligation in the management of second-and third-degree haemorrhoids, in terms of symptoms improvement, complications, recurrence rate, retreatment rate and acceptability. Methodology This was a prospective comparative study that was carried out in the endoscopic unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, in southwestern Nigeria. Sixty consecutive patients with second- and third-degree haemorrhoids, who consented, were recruited into the study and were randomised into two groups. Group A had endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and Group B had endoscopic rubber band ligation. Results With regard to anal protrusion, more patients consistently reported either complete (16 [64.4%]) or partial (9 [40.9%]) resolution of symptoms in Group B, compared to Group A which had 7 (28.0%) and 5 (22.7%) cases, respectively (P = 0.03). https://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html Resolution of anal bleeding was initially more in Group B than A (22 [95.7%] vs. 17 [77.3%] patients, respectively), in the first 24-h post-treatment; however, within the 1st week, this ratio was reversed (P = 0.07). The retreatment rate for Group A and B was 23.3% and 13.3%, respectively,P = 0.34. More patients in Group B experienced severe pain post-treatment compared to Group A (P = 0.01). Three-month post-treatment, two (11.8%) patients in Group A and one (4.5%) in Group B had recurrence of anal bleeding (P = 0.42). There was no recurrence in anal protrusion in both treatment groups. Conclusion Endoscopic rubber band ligation had a significantly higher success rate than endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, in terms of resolution of anal protrusion, but with higher pain score.Nigeria was ranked second highest country with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden worldwide. HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms genetic variability affect the protease and reverse transcriptase genes which code for viral enzymes and are the main targets for antiretroviral drugs. Therefore, this study was aimed at reviewing and pooling such HIV-1 subtypes in Nigeria to represent the collective prevalence of each subtype. Studies of HIV-1 subtypes in Nigeria published from 2002 to 2017 were retrieved and synthesised from different sources electronically. Sixteen studies were included for random effect meta-analysis for various subtypes in each study. The pooled prevalence was charted in forest plot and effect estimates from individual studies against some measure of study size or precision were presented in funnel plots. The pooled prevalence of Subtype G, CRF02_AG, CRF06_cpx, Subtype A and Subtype C were 38.27% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 21.27%- 55.98%), 37.81% (95% CI 20.37%- 55.25%), 6.6% (95% CI 7.10%-7.10%), 14.05% (95% CI 9.06% - 19.04%) and 2.80% (95% CI 2.70%- 8.30%) respectively. This study suggests HIV-1 subtypes G, CRF02_AG and A are the most prevalent in Nigeria.Pubic health insurance schemes are usually set up by governments to provide cover for their insured populations against healthcare costs. These schemes are usually administered by a government agency and vary both in how they are funded and provide their services. A number of developing countries have introduced such schemes to minimise the impact of financial barriers to healthcare access by their populations. These schemes are expected to bridge the inequality in healthcare. A National Health Insurance Scheme has been in operation in Nigeria since 2005 to provide health cover for government employees and those in private institutions with no less than ten workers. There are similar schemes in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a literature review of publications on public health insurance schemes in sub-Saharan Africa to identify the challenges they encounter. We found 76 relevant publications. Although much have been published on these schemes, few have addressed the critical obstacles to effective implementation, management and sustenance in the unique environments we find in sub-Saharan Africa - where poor technological infrastructures, acts of forgery, counterfeiting and other forms of fraud are common.
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