Notes

Ozonolysis of Permethrin from the Surroundings: Device, Kinetics, and Evaluation of Toxicity.
The Guidelines of the Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA), Global Alliance of Eye Bank Associations (GAEBA) and European Association of Tissue Banks provide useful recommendations to eliminate the risk of transmission according to previous experiences based on similar viruses.
To compare postoperative changes in central subfield macular thickness (CSMT) and prevalence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients undergoing cataract surgery with low-energy femtosecond laser versus standard phacoemulsification.

This was a retrospective comparative real-world study.

Postoperative data of 252 eyes of 165 patients were collected 138 eyes received low-energy femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and 114 eyes underwent conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery (CPCS). Postoperative changes in CSMT and prevalence of CME were compared between the two groups.

There was a significant increase in mean CSMT from preoperative to postoperative values at 2.5 months in both the FLACS and CPCS group (
<0.001). Mean change (preoperation to 2.5 months postoperation) in CSMT was 6.2±11.5 µm in the FLACS group and 7.3±26.6 µm in the CPCS group, which was statistically significant but clinically not relevant. Comparison of mean changes in CSMT (preoperation to 2.5 months postoperation) between the FLACS and CPCS groups revealed no significant differences. The rate of pseudophakic CME (PCME) development was lower in the FLACS group (1.4%) than the CPCS group (4.4%;
=0.247). selleck When using PREMED criteria to define clinically significant PCME, only 0.7% patients in the FLACS group and 1.8% in the CPCS group showed development of clinically significant PCME (
=0.586).

The mean change in CSMT and occurrence of postoperative CME was lower in the low-energy FLACS group than the standard-phacoemulsification group; however, the difference was not statistically significant.
The mean change in CSMT and occurrence of postoperative CME was lower in the low-energy FLACS group than the standard-phacoemulsification group; however, the difference was not statistically significant.
To determine the long-term visual outcomes of simultaneous femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (femto-LASIK) and accelerated cross-linking (CXL) [LASIK Xtra] for the treatment of high myopia.

All 163 consecutive eyes of 85 patients who underwent LASIK Xtra for the treatment of high myopia and/or myopic astigmatism (spherical equivalent ≥ -6.00 D) in Singapore National Eye Centre from the years 2013 to 2017 were included in this retrospective case series. Post-operative follow-up was up to 3 years.

Of the 163 eyes, 67 were followed up for 1 year (mean 12.9 months), 69 for 2 years (mean 24.0 months) and 43 for 3 years (mean 36.4 months). Overall mean follow-up was 22.8 months (9-46 months). The mean pre-operative spherical equivalent (SE) was -8.60 ± 1.47 D [range -11.75 to -4.75] (n = 163) and mean attempted correction SE was -8.84 ± 1.41 D [range -11.88 to -5.25]. Most eyes (>95%) maintained an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 6/12 or better over 3 years. Visual outcomes were predictable with ≥95% of eyes achieving a SE correction within ± 1D of attempted correction over 3 years. There was a mild regression in SE refraction over 3 years with a mean of -0.10 ± 0.45 D three years post-operatively (p = 0.03). The safety index was >1.05 at 3 years follow-up. There were no significant post-operative complications though 24 eyes had mild haze and 2 eyes had grade 1 diffuse lamellar keratitis that resolved within 1 month.

Our 3-year LASIK Xtra results show favorable safety, efficacy, predictability and stability outcomes in Asian patients with high myopia.
Our 3-year LASIK Xtra results show favorable safety, efficacy, predictability and stability outcomes in Asian patients with high myopia.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) may be asymptomatic in both mild and advanced stages. A patient's accurate perception of their DR severity may therefore be critical for effective self-management behaviors and understanding the need for timely intervention and follow-up.

To evaluate the relationship between self-reported and actual retinopathy severity in diabetic patients.

This study was a single-center cross-sectional survey. Diabetic patients identified by enterprise data warehouse were sent an online questionnaire where they were asked to self-assess for presence of DR and grade their severity. Actual DR grading was determined via chart review. The primary outcome measures were patient-assessed DR severity and agreement with actual DR severity.

Of 3208 invitations sent, 324 (10%) patients responded and 319 responses were analyzed. The data showed that 39 of 253 (15%) with no DR, 26 of 40 (65%) with mild/moderate DR, and 24 of 26 (92%) with severe DR believed they had DR (p<0.001). Of those with no DR, to prevent future visual impairment.
This paper reviews ocular pain with the main focus on ocular surface discomfort and dry eye pain. Anatomy, physiology, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment are discussed in this paper.

A PubMed search was conducted for studies published from 2000 to 2019 on the anatomy, pathophysiology, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of ocular pain. Reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials were included. Inclusion criteria focused on ocular surface discomfort, dry eye pain and neuropathic pain.

A total of 112 articles were found through searches, 45 of which were selected and studied in this review.

Pain in general can be acute or chronic. Acute pain is usually a physiologic response to a serious damage to the tissues and alleviates with pain relief treatments. Chronic pain is defined as the persistence of pain for more than three months. From another point of view, pain has been classified into either nociceptive or neuropathic. Nociceptive pain is a physiologic response to a noxious stimulunts and, in resistant cases, systemic neuromodulators are shown to be helpful. Education on behavioral changes and reassurance are essential steps. Considering the neuropathic origin for the ocular pain, treatment modalities used for such pain in other parts of the body can be considered for this syndrome.
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