Notes

Demystifying Sacral Public: The Graphic Evaluation.
The GI involvement of vasculitis is rarely encountered by pathologists, but its diagnosis carries tremendous clinical significance with a high mortality rate. Therefore, timely communication is highly recommended for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
The GI involvement of vasculitis is rarely encountered by pathologists, but its diagnosis carries tremendous clinical significance with a high mortality rate. Therefore, timely communication is highly recommended for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Sodium fluoride (NaF) has been applied to inhibit glycolysis in venous specimens for decades. However, it has had little effect on the rate of glycolysis in the first 1 to 2 hours, resulting in a decrease of glucose, so a more efficient method is needed. Recently, we discovered that WZB117, a specific Glut1 inhibitor, restricts glycolysis by inhibiting the passive sugar transport of human red blood cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of intravenous blood glucose determination after the addition of WZB117.

Venous specimens from 40 pairs of healthy volunteers were collected for several days and placed in tubes containing NaF plus EDTA-disodium (Na2) without WZB117 (the A group); citric acid, trisodium citrate, and EDTA-Na2 without WZB117 (B group); and NaF plus EDTA-Na2 with WZB117 (C group). The glucose concentration was measured after venipuncture and compared with test tubes treated for 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours before centrifugation. Glucose level was determi3 hours at 7.0 mmol/L point; 4.8‰ at 1 hour, 0.1‰ at 3 hours at 6.1 mmol/L point).

The tube addition of WZB117 is more suitable for minimizing glycolysis and has no effect on glucose levels even if specimens are left uncentrifuged for up to 3 hours.
The tube addition of WZB117 is more suitable for minimizing glycolysis and has no effect on glucose levels even if specimens are left uncentrifuged for up to 3 hours.
Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy is a rare condition associated with the formation of autoantibodies to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Underlying environmental and genetic risk factors remain poorly understood. American Indians have high rates of cardiovascular disease and associated co-morbidities that require lipid-lowering therapies. We observed this autoimmune myopathy in a series of American Indian statin users in rural Arizona.

We reviewed the charts of six American Indian patients with statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. We provide an illustrative case in addition to summaries of clinical presentations and treatment courses.

This is the first report of statin-associated autoimmune myopathy in American Indians. These cases were all identified at the same geographically isolated hospital that exclusively serves an American Indian population with only 1800 statin users. There is relatively low migration. Each case was consistent with the previously described classical presed safe lipid-lowering medications.
Lack of experimental reproducibility has led to growing interest in guidelines to enhance completeness and transparency in research reporting. This retrospective survey sought to determine compliance with Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) 2015 statement in the recent pathology scientific literature.

Two raters independently scored 171 pathology diagnostic accuracy studies for compliance with 34 STARD items and subcomponents. Overall adherence was calculated as a proportion after excluding nonapplicable items.

After excluding nonapplicable items, there was 50% overall adherence to STARD reporting recommendations. In total, 15.44 ± 3.59 items were reported per article (range, 4-28 out of maximum possible of 34). There was substantial heterogeneity in individual item reporting, with greater than 75% reporting in eight of 34 items and less than 25% reporting in 11 of 34 items. Less than 10% of articles reported hypotheses, subgroup analyses for confounding, sample size calculations, subject flow diagrams, study registrations, and links to full study protocols. Significantly more items were reported in articles from journals that endorsed STARD (16.14 vs 14.84, P = .0175).

These findings demonstrate incomplete reporting of essential items in pathology diagnostic accuracy studies. More vigorous enforcement of reporting checklists might improve adherence to minimum reporting standards.
These findings demonstrate incomplete reporting of essential items in pathology diagnostic accuracy studies. More vigorous enforcement of reporting checklists might improve adherence to minimum reporting standards.
Universal screening of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) for Lynch syndrome by mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been recommended by some investigators. Herein, we assess this recommendation retrospectively by simulating its performance on a retrospective, unselected cohort of UTUCs, with comparison to the established setting of colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinoma.

We assessed for complete loss of MMR protein (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) IHC in 74 consecutive cases of UTUC and then tabulated clinical and pathologic factors. Harmine purchase MMR findings from same-institution colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas were tabulated for comparison.

We observed loss of at least one MMR protein in 12% in our UTUC cohort (three MSH2/MSH6, three MSH6 only, one MLH1/PMS2, and two PMS2 only). Of these nine cases (seven males, two females, median age 67 years, five associated with colorectal adenocarcinoma), at least three (4% of the overall cohort) proved to be Lynch syndrome. Overall, MMR loss in UTUC was comparable to colorectal (11%; 50 of 471 cases) and endometrial (12%; 12 of 101 cases) adenocarcinomas.

The rate of MMR loss observed in UTUC was comparable to that in the established setting of colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas, supporting universal UTUC screening at our institution and others.
The rate of MMR loss observed in UTUC was comparable to that in the established setting of colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas, supporting universal UTUC screening at our institution and others.
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