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The surgeon- and the patient-reported appearance of the breasts changed significantly between the pre-operative and the 12-month post-operative assessments. CONCLUSION The LOPOSAM technique is a safe and quick surgical procedure for correction of ptotic, wide, lateralized and deflated breasts following massive weight loss and seems to provide results comparable to the better-known Rubin JP's technique. There was a trend that the LOPOSAM technique was faster to perform, however, not significant. The breast appearance improved significantly using both techniques when assessed by both surgeons and patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.Overexpression of the tea plant gene CsbZIP18 in Arabidopsis impaired freezing tolerance, and CsbZIP18 is a negative regulator of ABA signaling and cold stress. Basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play important roles in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and abiotic stress response in plants. However, few bZIP transcription factors have been functionally characterized in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). In this study, a bZIP transcription factor, CsbZIP18, was found to be strongly induced by natural cold acclimation, and the expression level of CsbZIP18 was lower in cold-resistant cultivars than in cold-susceptible cultivars. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing CsbZIP18 exhibited decreased sensitivity to ABA, increased levels of relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and reduced values of maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) under freezing conditions. The expression of ABA homeostasis- and signal transduction-related genes and abiotic stress-inducible genes, such as RD22, RD26 and RAB18, was suppressed in overexpression lines under freezing conditions. However, there was no significant change in the expression of genes involved in the C-repeat binding factor (CBF)-mediated ABA-independent pathway between WT and CsbZIP18 overexpression plants. These results indicate that CsbZIP18 is a negative regulator of freezing tolerance via an ABA-dependent pathway.A fluorescent protein visualized distributions of cell layers in floral organs of chrysanthemum using transgenic periclinal chimeras carrying a gene encoding a fluorescent compound. Plant meristems have three cell layers the outermost layer (L1), the second layer (L2), and the inner layer (L3). The layers are maintained during development but there is limited knowledge of the details of cell layer patterns within floral organs. In this study, we visualized the distributions of cell layers in floral organs of chrysanthemum using periclinal chimeras carrying a gene encoding a fluorescent compound in the L1 or the L2/L3 layers. The L1 layer contributed most of the epidermal cells of organs including the receptacle, petal, anther, filament, style, stigma, and ovule. The transmitting tissue in the pistil and most of the internal area of the ovule were also derived from the L1. In crossing experiments, no progeny of the L1-chimeric plants showed fluorescence, indicating that the germ cells of chrysanthemum are not derived from the L1 layer. Since anthocyanin pigment is present only in the L1-derived epidermal cells of petals, L1-specific gene integration could be used to alter flower color in commercial cultivars, with a reduced risk of transgene flow from the transgenic chrysanthemums to wild relatives.PURPOSE The prognosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is poor. Despite various attempts to modify common treatment modalities, including surgery, external beam radiation (EBRT) and chemotherapy (CTX), no standardized treatment is yet established. This study aimed to analyze the changing trends of treatment concepts and associated overall survival (OS) over the last two decades. selleck kinase inhibitor METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 42 patients with histologically confirmed ATC. The outcome measures included the evaluation of clinical characteristics and treatments performed with regard to OS. RESULTS Median OS for all tumor stages was 6 (range 1 week-79) months, 6.5 months for stage IVA/B and 4 months for stage IVC carcinoma patients. Twenty-one patients with stage IVA/B carcinomas underwent curative treatment, including thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy (TTX plus LAD, n = 11) or multimodal treatment with TTX plus LAD and EBRT plus/minus CTX (n = 10). The median OS of patients with stage IVA/B carcinomas was significantly prolonged after multimodal treatment than after surgery alone (25 vs. 3 months, p = 0.04). Fifteen of 18 patients with stage IVC carcinomas received palliative, 3 patients multimodal treatment. The median OS of stage IVC patients after trimodal therapy was not significantly longer than after debulking procedures (6 vs. 7 months, p = 0.25). In the time period 1999-2009, only 4 (21%) patients received multimodal treatment compared to 9 (39%) in the period from 2009 to 2019, but this did not result in a significantly prolonged survival in the latter period (8.5 vs. 15 months, p = 0.61). CONCLUSION Concurrent radio- and/or chemotherapy in combination with surgery seems to result in improved survival in stage IVA/B ATC, whereas this is not the case in patients with stage IVC tumors. Novel treatment regimens are urgently needed to improve the dismal prognosis of ATC.PURPOSE Knowledge of disease-specific instruments enables the evaluation of health- related quality-of-life (QoL) change associated with chronic and recurrent tonsillitis in adults. The main objective was to explore the interpretation of scores according to the throat-related QoL instrument, Tonsillectomy Outcome Inventory-14 (TOI-14), by determining the typical scores in healthy subjects and patients and define the minimum important change (MIC). METHODS We performed a prospective matched cohort study in a secondary care area of Oulu University Hospital. The surgical cohort consisted of 42 patients referred to tonsillectomy due to recurrent or chronic tonsillitis. The control cohort consisted of 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls obtained from the escorts of patients in the same hospital. We translated and validated the Finnish TOI-14 instrument and collected TOI-14 scores at entry and at 6 months and compared results to the anchor question. RESULTS At entry, the mean TOI-14 scores were significantly higher in the surgical cohort than in the control cohort [mean (95% confidence interval)] 33.
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