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Dynamics and Possible Affect involving Alcoholic beverages Wellness Caution Labels: Any Scoping Evaluation.
AIMS The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, better known as COVID-19 has become the current health concern to the entire world. Initially appeared in Wuhan, China around December 2019, it had spread to almost 187 countries due to its high contagious nature. Precautionary measures remain the sole obliging tactic to cease the person to person transmissions till any effective method of treatment or vaccine is developed. Amidst the pandemic, research and development of new molecule is labour-intensive and tedious process. Drug repurposing is the concept of identifying therapeutically potent molecule from the library of pre-existing molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 61 molecules that are already being used in clinics or under clinical scrutiny as antiviral agents are surveyed via docking study. Docking study was performed using Maestro interface (Schrödinger Suite, LLC, NY). KEY FINDINGS Out of these 61 molecules, 37 molecules were found to interact with >2 protein structures of COVID-19. The docking results indicate that amongst the reported molecules, HIV protease inhibitors and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors showed promising features of binding to COVID-19 enzyme. Along with these, Methisazone an inhibitor of protein synthesis, CGP42112A an angiotensin AT2 receptor agonist and ABT450 an inhibitor of the non-structural protein 3-4A might become convenient treatment option as well against COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE The drug repurposing approach provide an insight about the therapeutics that might be helpful in treating corona virus disease. AIMS Although chloroquine and diclofenac are not cardiovascular drugs, their chronic administration may trigger cardiotoxicity. We, therefore, evaluated the cardiotoxic impact of diclofenac in chloroquine-treated adjuvant arthritic rats. METHODS 50 male rats were equally distributed into 5 groups including control. Arthritis was induced by S.C injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant in hind paw planter surface. Arthritic rats were subdivided into 4 groups, orally treated with no drug, chloroquine (50 mg/kg), diclofenac sodium (1 mg/kg) and chloroquine + diclofenac. KEY FINDINGS All treatments significantly elevated serum cardiac injury and dysfunction markers as well as left ventricular malondialdehyde but depleted antioxidants with the greatest effect in the combination group. Chloroquine and/or diclofenac; in particular, their combination shifted the balance between left ventricular pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins towards myocardial apoptosis. Surprisingly, treatment with diclofenac or chloroquine/diclofenac markedly up-regulated cardiac RhoA and Rho-kinase1. Such up-regulation was coupled with a greater increase in cardiac oxidative damage biomarkers in the combination group than in individually-treated ones. Owing to their anti-inflammatory properties, statins may be used in adjunct with antirheumatics. FB23-2 To study the role of Rho-kinase in chloroquine/diclofenac-triggered cardiotoxicity here, four additional arthritic groups were co-treated with Rho-kinase inhibitors (fasudil or atorvastatin) along with diclofenac and chloroquine + diclofenac. Rho-kinase inhibition protected against chloroquine/diclofenac-induced increases in myocardial oxidative damage markers. SIGNIFICANCE Diclofenac greatly amplified cardiac oxidative damage in chloroquine-treated arthritic rats via up-regulation of Rho-kinase1. However, Rho-kinase inhibitors provided cardioprotection against diclofenac toxicity. Overall, they could be used as safer adjuvants to chloroquine and diclofenac during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. BACKGROUND The use of diagnostic imaging with computed tomography (CT) has risen significantly, increasing cumulative life-time exposure to ionizing radiation for patients and raising concerns about increased cancer risk. Lowering the doses would reduce concerns about associated cancer risks. PURPOSE To determine organizational leaders' perceptions of barriers to optimizing radiation dose in CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational study using semistructured interviews conducted with 26 organizational leaders from 19 health care systems in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Interviews focused on approaches the organizations used to optimize radiation dose and barriers encountered. Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach. RESULTS Analysis identified six primary barriers to dose optimization (1) resistance to change, (2) limited time and resources, (3) complex organizational structure, (4) lack of leadership support, (5) variations in CT equipment, and (6) variability in CT protocols. CONCLUSION Barriers to optimizing CT dose across diverse health care organizations were described by organizational leaders tasked with implementing and improving CT imaging. They identified six consistent themes that reflected barriers to optimizing radiation dose at the organizational level. These barriers impeded efforts by health care organizations to optimize radiation doses to patients from CT imaging. Identifying barriers early in any improvement process is an important first step in making meaningful and sustained change. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Ki-67 is one of the most important biomarkers of breast cancer traditionally measured invasively via immunohistochemistry. In this study, deep learning based radiomics models were established for preoperative prediction of Ki-67 status using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Total of 328 eligible patients were retrospectively reviewed [training dataset (n = 230) and a temporal validation dataset (n = 98)]. Deep learning imaging features were extracted from T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1+C). Transfer learning techniques constructed four feature sets based on the individual three MR sequences and their combination (i.e., mp-MRI). Multilayer perceptron classifiers were trained for final prediction of Ki-67 status. Mann-Whitney U test compared the predictive performance of individual models. RESULTS The area under curve (AUC) of models based on T2WI,T1+C,DWI and mp-MRI were 0.
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