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Playing on it's own: may sport elements of design fulfill consumer wants in gamified mHealth services?
The changes in surface conditions including vegetation cover and soil conservation measures had dominant effects on the spatial heterogeneity of erosion, their contribution to erosion reduction was 119%. But rainfall erosivity increased soil erosion, and it had a contribution to erosion reduction of -28%. These results are helpful in understanding the mechanism behind the changes in soil erosion and providing information for sustainable soil and water management and vegetation restoration.In climates with seasonally limited precipitation, terrestrial animals congregate at high densities at scarce water sources. We hypothesize that viruses can exploit the recurrence of these diverse animal congregations to spread. In this study, we test the central prediction of this hypothesis - that viruses employing this transmission strategy remain stable and infectious in water. Equid herpesviruses (EHVs) were chosen as a model as they have been shown to remain stable and infectious in water for weeks under laboratory conditions. Using fecal data from wild equids from a previous study, we establish that EHVs are shed more frequently by their hosts during the dry season, increasing the probability of water source contamination with EHV. We document the presence of several strains of EHVs present in high genome copy number from the surface water and sediments of waterholes sampled across a variety of mammalian assemblages, locations, temperatures and pH. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the different EHV strains found exhibit little divergence despite representing ancient lineages. We employed molecular approaches to show that EHVs shed remain stable in waterholes with detection decreasing with increasing temperature in sediments. Infectivity experiments using cell culture reveals that EHVs remain infectious in water derived from waterholes. The results are supportive of water as an abiotic viral vector for EHV.Many industries such as iron and steel metallurgy, copper and zinc smelting, the battery industry, and cement manufacturing industries discharge high concentrations of fluoride-containing wastewater into the environment. Subsequently, the discharge of high fluoride effluent serves as a threat to human life as well as the ecological ability to sustain life. This article analyses the advantages and drawbacks of some fluoride remediation technologies such as precipitation and flocculation, membrane technology, ion exchange technology, and adsorption technology. Among them, adsorption technology is considered the obvious choice and the best applicable technology. As such, several adsorbents with high fluoride adsorption capacity such as modified alumina, metal oxides, biomass, carbon-based materials, metal-organic frameworks, and other adsorption materials including their characteristics have been comprehensively summarized. Additionally, different adsorption conditions of the various adsorbents, such as pH, temperature, initial fluoride concentration, and contact time have been discussed in detail. The study found out that the composite synergy between different materials, morphological and structural control, and the strengthening of their functional groups can effectively improve the ability of the adsorbents for removing fluoride. This study has prospected the direction of various adsorbents for removing fluoride in wastewater, which would serve as guiding significance for future research in the field.Since the process of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) coupled with ferric iron reduction (termed Feammox) was discovered, it has been observed in various natural environments. However, besides the vertical distribution of Feammox in paddy soils, its differences and relationships with traditional nitrogen loss processes, including denitrification and anammox, remain unclear. Here, we studied the distribution of nitrogen loss pathways in different layers (0-50 cm) of paddy soil in southeastern China using 15N isotope tracer technology and molecular analysis. Our study showed that denitrification had a rate of 2.19 ± 0.39 mg N·kg-1·d-1, which was the highest activity in the surface layer (0-10 cm). selleck inhibitor The activities of anammox and Feammox reached peak values in the 10-20 cm (1.13 ± 0.16 mg N·kg-1·d-1) and 20-30 cm (0.23 ± 0.02 mg N·kg-1·d-1) soil layer, respectively. The nitrogen loss in the surface layer was more serious than that in the deep layer under paddy cultivation. In this study, denitrification was the main nitrogen loss pathway in the surface soil, but Feammox became an important nitrogen loss pathway (up to 26.1%) in the 20-40 cm depth. Overall, our research could improve and perfect the nitrogen cycle pathways in paddy soil.Magnetic field (MF) has been applied widely and successfully as an efficient, low-cost and easy-to-use technique to enhance wastewater treatment (WWT) performance. Although the effects of MF on WWT were revealed and summarized by some works, they are still mysterious and complex. This review summarizes the application of MF in magnetic adsorption-separation of heavy metals and dyes, treatment of domestic wastewater and photo-magnetic coupling technology. Furthermore, the mechanisms of MF-enhanced WWT are critically elaborated from the perspective of magnetic physicochemical and biological effects, such as magnetoresistance, Lorentz force, and intracellular radical pair mechanism. At last, the challenges and opportunities for MF application in WWT are discussed. For overcoming the limitations and taking advantages of MFs in WWT, fundamental research of the mechanisms of the application of MFs should be carried out in the future.
To examine the prognostic value of CSF abnormalities in seropositive autoimmune encephalitis (AE).

We retrospectively studied 57 cases of seropositive AE. Primary outcomes were mortality and modified Rankin Scale, while secondary outcomes were first line treatment failure, ICU admission and relapse. Regression analysis was performed.

CSF white cell count (WCC) was higher in the NMDAR group, while elevated protein was more common amongst other subtypes. We found an association between WCC >5 cells/mm
and treatment failure (OR 16.0, p=0.006)), and between WCC >20 cells/mm
and ICU admission (OR 19.3, p=0.026).

Different subsets of AE have characteristic CSF abnormalities, which may aid recognition during early evaluation. CSF WCC had prognostic significance in our study.
Different subsets of AE have characteristic CSF abnormalities, which may aid recognition during early evaluation. CSF WCC had prognostic significance in our study.
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